PROF. OWEN ON THE ANATOMY OF THE INDIAN RHINOCEROS. 41 



Indian species ag:rees, however, in the twofold nature of the lining membrane of the 

 stomach, with the Sumatran two-horned Rhinoceros described by Mr. William Bell'. 

 About the middle of the cuticular surface of the stomach of the female there was a small 

 irregular patch of glandular membrane : this was proved to be an original formation, 

 and not an appearance due to a partial separation of the cuticle, by detaching the 

 surrounding cuticular lining and comparing the patch in question with the denuded 

 surface. It is probably, however, but an individual variety, as it was not repeated in 

 the male. The surface of the digestive membrane covering the pyloric moiety of the 

 stomach was even, not broken by rugs, and it presented the same peculiar smooth, 

 almost polished, appearance which characterizes the peculiar glandular membrane lining 

 the second cavity of the stomach of the Porpoise. 



The cardia did not present the semi-spiral valve observable in the Horse. The 

 globular pyloric extremity is suddenly bent upon the rest of the stomach, so as to ap- 

 pear partly separated from it by the entering fold. A thick circular lip projects from 

 the pylorus into the duodenum. The outer layer of the muscular tunic, a, is one- 

 fourth the thickness of the inner layer, h, and becomes thinner over the pyloric end of 

 the stomach. The nervous or vasculo-cellular tunic, c, begins to increase in thickness 

 near the termination of the thick epithelium, d, in relation to the increased vascular 

 action required by the functions of the glandular layer, e : the relative thickness of this 

 layer is shown in the section, figure 3, e'. 



The contents of the duodenum were of a greenish black colour and almost fluid con- 

 sistency : only very few small portions of the vegetable substances appeared in the tract 

 of the small intestines, but the caecum and colon were tensely distended with a magma 

 of substances like those in the stomach, but of somewhat softer consistence, as if in a 



further stage of digestion. 



Female. Male. 



The length of the small intestines was ... 50 feet. 65 feet. 



The circumference of the duodenum .... 8 inches. 10 inches. 



The circumference of jejunum 6 inches. 8 inches. 



The circumference of ileum 7 inches. 9 inches. 



The lining membrane of the duodenum, at the beginning of that gut, was puckered 

 up into small irregular rugje ; the flattened triangular processes, as described and figured 

 by Mr. Thomas, began to make their appearance about six inches from the pylorus 

 (PI. XII. fig. 1) ; in the jejunum three or four of the processes are often supported on 

 a common base (Ih. fig. 2) ; as they approach the ileum they begin to lose breadth, and 

 gain in length, until they assume the appearance, near the end of the ileum, of vermi- 

 form processes, like tags of worsted, from two-thirds of an mch to an inch in length 

 {Ih. fig. 3). Peyer's glands appeared scattered here and there; a very conspicuous 

 reticular patch was situated close to the end of the ileum. 



' Philos. Trans. 1793. Cuvier does not describe the inner surface of stomacli. 



H 2 



