THE CHIMPANZEES AND ORANGS. 



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difference of size which may distinguish such species when arrived at maturity. The 

 subsequent differences in the relative size of the brain depend upon the specific stature 

 ultimately to be attained ; for, the destined degree of cerebral development in a large 

 species having once been obtained, as it is very rapidly in regard to the size of the 

 hemispheres, the growth of the trunk, limbs and jaws afterwards proceeds without 

 corresponding growth of the brain. 



These considerations must be allowed their due weight in comparing the relative size 

 of the brain or brain-case of small and great species of the same Order of warm-blooded 

 animals, otherwise the same mistake may be made as to the relative perfection, or stand- 

 ing in the group, of the smaller species with comparatively large brains, as has been 

 made with regard to the degree of relationship of the Chimpanzee and Orang to Man- 

 kind, when judged of by the proportion of the brain and brain-case in small and imma- 

 ture individuals of those large and formidable species of Ape. 



The great characteristic in Man arises from the great relative size of the brain and 

 capacity of the cranium being associated with a stature which surpasses that of the 

 largest of the Quadrumana. Dr. Wyman, the accomplished Professor of Anatomy in 

 the Medical College at Boston, U.S., in a recent Memoir descriptive of two additional 

 crania of the Troglodytes Gorilla, in the ' American Journal of Science and Arts,' 2nd 

 Series, vol. ix., cites the following Table of the capacity of the cranium, from the 

 careful admeasurements taken by the late lamented and talented Dr. S. G. Morton of 

 Philadelphia. 



Races. 



No. of SkuUs 

 measured. 



Largest capacity. 



Smallest capacity 



Meau. 



Teutonic Race of Caucasians. 



Germans 



English 



Anglo-Americans 



Malay Group. 



Malayan Family 



Polynesian Family 



American Group. 

 Toltecan Family. 



Peruvians 



Mexicans 



Barbarous Tribes 



^Ethiopian Group. 



African Family 



Hottentots 



Australians 



18 

 5 



7 



20 

 3 



155 



22 



161 



62 



I Cubic inches. 



! 114. 



105 



97 



i 



i ^^ 

 84 



101 



92 



104 



99 

 83 



83 



Cubic inches. 



70 

 91 

 82 



68 

 82 



58 

 67 

 70 



65 

 68 

 63 



Cubic inches. 



90 

 96 

 90 



86 

 83 



75 

 79 

 84 



83 



75 

 75 



Dr. Wyman gives the following results of similar admeasurements taken of the skulls 

 of the Gorilla and Chimpanzee ; to which I have added some from personal observation. 



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