THE CHIMPANZEES AND ORANGS. 171 



regard to the great Orang or Pithecus Satyrus, viz. that the observed and recorded 

 differences " are not sufficient to afford grounds for specific distinction'." 



The following are notes on the adult Orangs made in 1838, in the Continental 

 Museums. 



" Museum of the University of Ley den. Adult Orangs. — The skulls of the females all 

 exhibit the relatively smaller canines and corresponding feeble development of the 

 occipital and parietal crests which M. Temminck has described ; but they differ in these 

 respects and in relative size ; and these differences, as is evident from the condition of 

 the teeth, are not differences of age. I observed one of those crania in which the 

 canine teeth were not more developed than in my S. Morio ; it was marked ' Siraiu 

 Satyrus, female : ' the strong ridges at the outside of the lambdoidal suture soon sub- 

 sided, and were not continued into each other to form a single occipital crest, as de- 

 scribed by M. Dumortier in both the male and female of the large Orang {Simia Wurmbii) 

 at the fourth epoch, or when just arrived at maturity : there was no sagittal crest. The 

 front incisors were as large as ia the great male Pongo, but the longitudinal extent of 

 the molar series of the upper jaw was only 2 inches 3 lines ; that of my Morio being 

 2 inches 2 lines ; so that the difference here is unimportant. The length of the molar 

 series in the lower jaw was 2 inches 6 lines : length of the skull 8 inches, greatest 

 breadth 5 inches. The grinding surface of the molars showed the animal to be fully 

 adult. This skull presented the characteristics of the -S. Wurmbii in the contracted 

 interorbital space : there were numerous (three) suborbital foramina, and some vascular 

 perforations in the thick outer border of the orbit. The nasal bone is totally interrupted 

 by the junction of the nasal processes of the maxillary bones of the opposite sides with 

 each other ; the lower part of the nasal bone is triangular. 



"In a second example of a female, having the canines and the molars of the same 

 size as in S. Morio, all the sutures were obliterated, and the frontal and lambdoidal 

 ridges were stronger than in the Morio. 



" In the skull of a female, immature, all the permanent incisors and bicuspides, and 

 the first and second molares, are in place : the points of the permanent canines are just 

 appearing, having pierced the alveolus : the last molars are still in the formative cavity, 

 but the crowns are complete. This would seem to show that the canines are later in 

 appearing than in the Human subject. The intermaxillary suture has begun to be 

 obliterated at its lower extremity, between the sockets of the canines and incisors ; it 

 continues open upon the face. The sutures of the head, with the exception of a small 

 part of the lambdoidal, remain unobUterated. The temporal joins the frontal bone on 

 both sides. 



" In the skull of a male I observed the zygomatic process of the malar bone existing 

 as a separate piece: the wise-tooth, m 3, was mal-placed, its grinding surface abutting 

 against the adjoining molar : either the revolving motion had been carried too far, or 

 the mal-position had been original. 



' Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i. p. 378. 



