214 DR. J. J. KAUP'S MONOGRAPH OF THE STRIGID^. 



brownish, banded with white. Breast and belly white, striped with blackish. Tarsi 

 and toes white. 



Dimens.— Wing 95 (d), 99 (?), tail 56 (6), 62 (2) mm. long. 



Hab. Northern and eastern parts of Europe and Asia. 



Subgenus b. Nyctea, Steph. 



Diagn. — The long wings cover two-thirds of the tail, which is as long as the body. 

 The first wing-feather is shorter than the fourth. First to fourth wing-feathers have 

 broad inner webs, and are emarginated to the end. Ear-orifice larger than the diameter 

 of the eye (perhaps asymmetric). 



2. SuRNiA NYCTEA, Selby. 



Strix nyctea, Linn. 



Candida, Lath. 



erminea, Shaw. 



Nyctea erminea ei cinerea, Steph. 



Strix nivea, Thunb. ; Daud. 



Nyctea nivea, Bp. PI. Enl. 458; Edw. B. t. 61 ; Naum. taf. 41 ; Vieill. Am. Sept. t. 18; 

 LevaUl. Afr. t. 45; Wils. Am. Orn. pi. 32. fig. 1 ; Aud. pi. 121 ; Gould, Eur. t. 43. 

 Descr. — Bill and nails black. Whole plumage in advanced age pure white, in youth 

 black-spotted. Size of Bubo maximus (?). 



Hab. High northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America. 



Subgenus e. Surnia, Dum. 



Diagn. — The first wing-feather as long as the seventh. First to third wing-feathers 

 distinctly emarginated. Ear-orifice less than the diameter of the eye. Tail longer 

 than the body. 



3. Surnia ulula, Bp. (PI. LVI. fig. 6 a, bill; b, wing.) 



Strix ulula, Linn. Fauna Suecica, 78. 



Hudsonia, Gmel. 



funerea, Lath. 



canadensis et freti-hvdsoni, Briss. 



doliata, Pall. 



arctica, Sparrm. 



nisoria, Mey., Naum. 42. 2. 



Surnia borealis. Less. 



funerea (Lath.), Cuv.; Enl. 463; Edw. t.62; Wils. pi. 50. fig.6; Aud. 378; Gould, t.45. 



Diagn.— A broad black vertical stripe from the ear to the neck. 

 Descr. — A little smaller than Otus vulgaris. It is distinguished from all other Euro- 

 pean owls by its banded plumage. The bill is horn-brown, posteriorly yellow. Head 



