MAMMALIA — MAN. 49 



1. The Caucasian variety includes all Europeans, with the exception 

 of the Laplanders, and the inhabitants of the western and northern parts 

 of Asia. They have the face oval; facial angle eighty-five degrees ; forehead 

 high, and expanding cheeks, colored red : hair long, brown, but varying 

 from white to black. 



2. The Mongolian variety inhabits eastern Asia, Finland, and Lapland, in 

 Europe ; and includes the Esquimaux of North America. They have a 

 broad and flat olive colored face, with lateral projections of the cheek bones; 

 facial angle seventy-five degrees ; oblique and narrow eyes ; hair hard, 

 straight, black ; beard thin. 



3. The Ethiopian variety, inhabiting the middle parts of Africa, are black 

 in a greater or less degree, with black woolly hair, jaws projecting forward, 

 thick lips, and flat nose ; facial angle seventy degrees. 



4. The American variety, comprising all the aboriginal Americans, except 

 the Esquimaux, are mostly tan or reddish copper-colored, with prominent 

 cheek bones, short forehead, flattish nose, straight, coarse hair, and thin 

 beard. 



5. The Malayan variety includes the inhabitants of the islands in the 

 Indian Ocean, and Polynesia. They are of a brown color, from a clear 

 mahogany, to the darkest clove or chesnut brown, with thick, black, bushy 

 hair, a broad nose, and wide mouth. 



In considering the peculiarities which distinguish man from the brute 

 creation, his capability of inhabiting every climate, and sustaining every 

 degree of heat and cold, deserves to be noticed. While the geographical 

 range of most animals is extremely limited, the physical and intellectual 

 powers of man enable him to create a climate of his own in every degree 

 of latitude : and while the Indian of Canada may sleep upon the snow with 

 impunity with the thermometer at forty degrees below zero, the natives of 

 Sierra Leone suffer, unhurt, the heat of a vertical sun, Avith the thermometer 

 above one hundred degrees. And as the physical powers and intellectual 

 resources of man enable him to occupy the whcle surface of the globe, his 

 capacity of living on every species of food renders him, in the Avidcst sense 

 of the word, omnivorous. The continued use of animal food is as natural 

 and wholesome to the inhabitants of the Arctic regions, where it is impos- 

 sible to raise vegetables, as a mixed diet is to the Englishman ; and vegeta- 

 ble food within the tropics is necessary from the exuberance of this part of 

 the creation, and the comparative scarcity of those gregarious animals on 

 which man subsists in other latitudes. 



There are many causes which contribute to the producing of an apparent 

 variety, between tUe different nations of the globe. Climate, food, manners, 

 and customs, produce not only a diflierence in sentiment, but even in the 

 external form of a different people. 



In examining the surface of the earth, and beginning our inquiries from 

 the north, we find in Lapland, and in the northern parts of Tarlary, a race 

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