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CHAPTER IX. 
TRIBES TRIBUTARY TO THE HUPA. 
In this chapter I will group together the contiguous tribes that were 
subject to the Hupa. Probably not all of them actually paid tribute to that 
powerful tribe, but they were all so vigorously domineered by them that 
they eventually lost the distinctiveness of their respective languages and 
customs, and fell into the ways of their masters. The complete subjugation 
of these peoples appears to have occupied the Hupa a long series of years, 
and in the case of the Chi-mal’-a-kwe at least it was only just completed 
when the whites arrived. 
THE CHIL-LU-LA. 
This tribe occupied Redwood Creek from the coast up about twenty 
miles. Very little can be positively stated of their customs, for all that 
remain of them have been removed to the reservation where the process of 
absorption into the Hupa has been completed. Contradictory statements 
are made as to their original language, some asserting that it was Yurok, 
and others Hupa. It was probably a dialect of Yurok, though as usual in 
this region, most men of the tribe spoke several languages. The name above 
given them was bestowed by the Yurok. The Hupa called them Tes’-wan. 
The greater prevalence of the name “Chillula” goes to show that they were 
related to the Yurok. 
The Chillula bury their dead. Like most of the coast tribes they are 
very dark-colored, squat in stature, rather fuller-faced than the interior 
Indians, guttural in their speech, and characterized by hideous and incredi- 
ble superstitions, and a belief in the almost universal diabolism of nature. 
They believe in a monstrous and frightful devil, who has horns, wings, and 
claws; who can fly through the air with inconceivable rapidity; seize and 
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