CLAIRVOYANCE—DESTINY OF SOULS. 91 
the limb all up criss-cross until it bleeds freely. He does this ‘for luck”, 
believing that it will appease some bad spirit who is against him. 
Their shamans profess to be spiritualists, not merely having visions in 
dreams, which is common among the California Indians, but pretending to 
be able to hold converse with spirits in their waking hours by clairvoyance. 
An incident is related which is about as worthy of credence as the majority 
of ghost-stories narrated by the gente de razon. There was a certain Indian 
who had murdered Mr. Stockton, the agent of the reservation, besides three 
other persons at various times, and was then a hunted fugitive. The mat- 
ter created much excitement and speculation among the tattle-loving 
Indians, and one day a Kelta shaman cried out suddenly that he saw the 
murderer at that moment with his spiritual eyes. He described minutely 
the place where he was concealed, told how long he had been there, ete. 
Subsequent events revealed the fact that the shaman was substantially cor- 
rect, whether he drew on his clairvoyant vision or on knowledge somehow 
smuggled. 
They make a curious and rather subtle metaphysical distinction in 
the matter of spirits. According to them, there is an evil spirit or devil 
(Kitoanchwa, 1 Hup& word) and a good spirit; but the good spirit is name- 
less. he evil spirit is positive, active, and powerful; but the good spirit 
is negative and passive. The former is without, and ranges through space 
on evil errands bent; but the latter is within them; it is their own spirit, 
their better nature, or conscience. Like Confucius, who calls the con- 
science the “good heart”, they seem to believe that the original nature of 
man is good, and that he does evil only under temptation from the bad 
spirit without or external to himself. 
When a Kelta dies, according to their pretty fancy, a little bird flies 
away with his soul to the spirit-land. If he was a bad Indian, a hawk will 
catch the little bird and eat him up, soul and feathers; but if he was good, 
he will reach the spirit-land. Before the Americans came, they used to 
bury their dead in a squatting posture, which is a Win-ttin custom; but now 
they follow the Hup& custom, which is also that of civilization. 
THE CHI-MAL/-A-KWE. 
The Chi-mal’-a-kwe lived on New River, a tributary of the Trinity, but 
