CHAPTER XXIV. 
THE PAT-WIN’. 
On the middle and lower Sacramento, west side, there is one of the 
largest nations of the State, yet they have no common government, and not 
even a name for themselves. They have a common language, with little 
divergence of dialects for so great an area as it embraces, and substantially 
common customs, but so little community of feeling that the petty sub- 
divisions have often been at the bitterest feud. For the sake of convenience, 
and as a nucleus of classification, I have taken a word which they all employ, 
pat-win', signifying ‘‘ man”, or sometimes “ person ”. 
Antonio, chief of the Chen’-po-sel, a very intelligent and traveled 
Indian, gave me the following geographical statement, which I found to be 
correct so far as I went. In Long, Indian, Bear, and Cortina Valleys, all 
along the Sacramento from Jacinto to Suisun, inclusive, on Cache and Puta 
Creeks, and in Napa Valley as far up as Calistoga, the same language is 
spoken, which any Indian of this nation can understand. Strangely, too, 
the Patwin language laps over the Sacramento, reaching in a very narrow 
belt along the east side from a point a few miles below the mouth of Stony 
Creek down nearly to the mouth of Feather River. In the head of Napa 
Valley were the Wappo, and in Pope and Coyote Valleys there was spoken 
a language now nearly, if not quite, extinct. 
The various tribes were distributed as follows: In Napa Valley the 
Napa; on the bay named after them the Su-i-sun’, whose celebrated chief 
was Solano. In Lagoon Valley were the Ma-lak’-ka; on Ulatus Creek and 
about Vacaville the Ol-u-l4-to ; on Puta Creek at the foot-hills the Li-wai’- 
to. (These last three names were given to me by a Spaniard and I could 
find no Indians living by whom to verify them, except that the aboriginal 
name of Puta Creek was Li-wai’.) On Lower Puta Creek they were called 
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