BDPLIEF IN ANNIHILATION—NAMES. 349 
the soul after death. When an Indian’s friend departs the earth, he 
mourns him with that great and poignant sorrow of one who is without 
hope. He will live no more forever. All that he possessed is burned 
with him upon the funeral pyre, in order that nothing may remain 
to remind them afterward of one who is gone to black oblivion. So 
awful to them is the thought of one who is gone down to eternal noth- 
ineness that his name is never afterward even whispered. If one of his 
friends is so unfortunate as to possess the same name, he changes it for 
another, and if at any time they are compelled to mention the departed, 
with bated breath they murmur simply #t’-teh, “him”. Himself, his iden- 
tity, is gone; his name is lost; he is blotted out; éteh represents merely 
the memory of a being that once was. Like all other tribes in California, 
they are gay and jovial in their lives ; but while most of the others have a 
mitigation of the final terrors in the assured belief of an immortality in the 
Happy Western Land, the Miwok go down with a grim and stolid sullen- 
ness to the death of a dog that will live no more. 1t is necessary to say, 
however, that not all entertain this belief. It seems to prevail more espe- 
cially south of the Merced, and among the most grave and thoughtful of 
these. Throughout the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys one will 
occasionally meet an Indian who holds to aanihilation; but the creed is no 
where so prevalent as here. 
The Miwok north of the Stanilaus designate tribes principally by the 
points of the compass. These are éw’«wun, chu'-much, he'-zu-it, ol'-o-wit 
(north, south, east, west), from which are formed tribal names as follows: 
Tu’-mun, Tu’-mi-dok, Ta-mo-le’-ka; Chu’-much, Chiim’-wit,- Chu’-mi-dok 
or Chim’-i-dok, Chiim-te’-ya; Ol-o-wit, Ol-o’-wi-dok, Ol-o-wi'-ya, ete. 
Ol-o'-wi-dok is the general name applied by the mountaineers to all the 
tribes on the plains as far west as Stockton and the San Joaquin. 
But there are several names employed absolutely. On the south bank 
of the Middle Cosumnes are the Ka’-ni; on Sutter Creek, the Yu-lo’-ni; 
in Yosemite, the A-wa’-ni; on the South Fork of the Merced, the Nat’-chu ; 
on the Stanislaus and Tuolumne, the extensive tribe of the Wal’-li; on the 
Middle Merced, the Chiim-te’-ya; on the Upper Chowchilla River, the 
Heth-to’-ya; on the Middle Chowchilla, the Chau-chil’-la; on the north 
