VILLAGES #N THE VALLEY. 365 
Shun’-ta, Hun’-ta (the eye), the Watching Eye. 
A-wai’-a (a lake), Mirror Lake. 
Sa-wah’ (a gap), a name occurring frequently. 
Wa-ha’-ka, a village which stood at the base of Three Brothers; also, 
that rock itself. This was the westernmost village in the valley, and the 
next one above was 
Sak’-ka-ya, on the south bank of the river, a little west of Sentinel 
Rock. The only other village on the south bank was 
Hok-ok’-wi-dok, which stood very nearly where Hutchings’s Hotel 
now stands, opposite Yosemite Fall. 
Ku-mai’-ni, a village which was situated at the lower end of the great 
meadow, about a quarter of a mile from Yosemite Fall. 
A-wa’-ni, alarge village standing directly at the foot of Yosemite Fall. 
This was the ruling town, the metropolis of this little mountain democracy, 
and the giver of its name, and it is said to have been the residence of the 
celebrated chief Ten-ai’-ya. 
Ma-che’-to, the next village east, at the foot of Indian Canon. 
No-to-mid’-u-la, a village about four hundred yards east of Macheto. 
Le-sam’-ai-ti, a village standing about a fifth of a mile above the last- 
mentioned. 
Wis-kul’-la, the village which stood at the foot of the Royal Arches, 
and the uppermost one in the valley. 
Thus it will be seen that there were nine villages in Yosemite Valley, 
and, according to Choko, there were formerly others extending as far down 
as Bridal-Veil Fall, which were destroyed in wars that occurred before 
the whites came. Ata low estimate these nine villages must have con- 
tained four hundred and fifty inhabitants. Dr. L. H. Bunnell indirectly 
states that the valley was not occupied during the winter, and was used 
only as a summer resort and as a stronghold of refuge in case of defeat 
elsewhere ; but the Indians now living say it was occupied every winter. 
This is quite possible, for Mr. Hutchings and others tarry there throughout 
the year without inconvenience. Moreover, the assertion of the Indians is 
borne out by the locations of the villages themselves, which Choko pointed 
out with great minuteness. With the exception of the two on the south 
