394 TRIBES RELATED TO THE PATOTI. 
before it, they all removed to a place called Whisky Flat, in the more 
salubrious region of the foot-hills, from which they went down to their old 
home only once a year, in the spring, to gather food-seeds. 
The Palligawonap have the Paiuti custom of burying the dead. They 
have no sweat-houses, but there are ruins of old ones in various places in 
their domain, which were doubtless made there by the California Indians 
proper, whom they expelled. 
They live in wigwams made of tule, woven and matted into various 
fashions. ‘Tule is also the material from which they construct a rude water- 
craft. This is only about six feet in length, with the bow very long and 
sharp-rounded, and the stern cut nearly square across; sides perpendicular; 
a small tule keel running along the middle, dividing the bottom into two sides. 
It will carry only one man, and he has to be very careful when standing 
up to keep his feet one on each side of the keel, or the bobbing thing will 
capsize. It is used principally in fishing, for which purpose they employ a 
three-pronged gig pointed with bone. They show much more skill in 
balancing themselves in the boat than they do in making it. 
I saw only one of the tribe, named Chico, on the Tule River Reserva- 
tion, and he presented the traditional physique of the Californian—very 
dark-skinned, pudgy in stature, large cheek-bones, nose depressed at the 
root, brachycephalic head, etc. He was a singular Indian, a real philoso- 
pher; had traveled much over Southern California, Nevada, Utah, and 
Arizona, broadening the range of his intellectual vision ; spoke English and 
Spanish fluently, besides several Indian tongues; and was as full of curious, 
quaint, barbaric superstitions, poetical conceits, common sense, and in- 
flated egotism as an egg is of meat, though these various knowledges and 
fancies were wofully mingled in his brain. I will attempt to give only a 
few of his ideas. 
Po-koh’, the Old Man, created the world. He was a being of a capa- 
cious head, full of many and great thoughts, and in his voluminous blankets 
he found room to carry about enough gifts for all men. He created every 
separate tribe out of soil taken from the place where they now live; hence it 
is that the Indian’s desire is so strong to live and die in his native place. 
Pokoh intended that men should not wander and travel, but should be con- 
