CHAPTER XXXIX. 
SUPPLEMENTARY FACTS. 
[By an oversight the facts contained in this chapter were not prepared in time for insertion in the 
body of the report. ] 
I.—THE PRE-HISTORICS OF CALIFORNIA. 
The fact of the almost total lack of ceramic remains, and the character 
of the relics found in the Alameda and other shell-mounds, show that the 
present race must either have supplanted or descended from one which was 
little more advanced than themselves. The few and simple stone imple- 
ments used by the California Indians resemble, in their main purpose and 
design, those of the extinct races exhumed in the shell-mounds, only they 
are conspicuously ruder and simpler. Take the stone mortars, for instance. 
The pre-historical mortar is carefully dressed on the outside, and has three 
general shapes: either flattish and round, or shaped like a duck’s egg with 
the bowl on the side, or else with the bowl in the large end and the small 
end inserted into the ground, or cylindrical with the bowl in the end. But 
the Indian now takes a small bowlder of trap or greenstone and beats 
out a hollow in it, leaving the outside rough. Whenever one is seen 
in possession of a mortar dressed on the outside he will acknowledge that 
he did not make it, but found it; in other words, it is pre-historical. The 
pre-historics used handsomely-dressed pestles, sometimes embellished 
with rings; but the squaw nowadays simply picks up a long, slender cobble 
from the brook. 
The pre-historics of California carved out long, heavy knives, or 
swords, of obsidian or jasper, which were probably kept as family heir-looms 
from generation to generation, to be paraded as jewelry or borne aloft as a 
sort of mace on certain solemn occasions. The Indians of to-day have the 
same articles and use them for the same purpose; but their inferiority to 
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