312 RUBIACEiE. Galium. 



Stems 2 feet liigh, often several from one root, more or less pubescent, particularly on the 

 angles. Leaves 6-8 lines long, and about 3 lines wide. Flowering branches or peduncles 

 twice or thrice divided, with a wliorl of small leaves as the division. Corolla brownish-purple ; 

 the lobes acuminate. Fruit middle-sized, densely clothed with white bristles. 



Dry woods and copses ; not rare. Fl. June. Fr. August. 



6. Galium cikcezans, Mickx. Wild Liquorice. 



Stems usually several from one root, or branching from the base, erect or ascending ; leaves 

 4 in a whorl, oval or ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, 3-nerved, somewhat pubescent, the margin 

 and nerves ciliatc ; peduncles terminal and in the axils of the uppermost leaves, once or twice 

 2 - 3-forked, divaricate in fruit ; the flowers remote, dcflexed, on very short lateral pedicels ; 

 fruit densely hispid with hooked bristles. — Michx. Jl. 1. p. 80; Pursh, fl. \. p. 104 ; Ell. 

 sk. 1. p. 197; Ton: fl. I. p. 168 (excl. syn. Gron.) ; Bigel. fl. Bost. p. 55 ; DC. prodr. 4. 

 p. 601 ; Beck, hot. p. 163 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 102 ; Torr. <^ Gr. fl. N. Am. 2. p. 24. 

 G. brachiatum, Muhl. cat. p. 15, not of Pursh. G. borealc, Walt. fl. Car. p. 257. G. 

 circaeoides, Ra-vi. <Sf Schult. syst. 3. j)- 256. 



var. lanceoJatum : leaves lanceolate or often ovate-lanceolate, rather acute. Torr. cat. pi. 

 N. York, p. 23 ; DC. I. c. ; Torr. <^ Gr. I. c. G. lanceolatum, Torr. fl. 1. p. 168 ; Hook. 

 Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 280; Beck, hot. p. 103; Darlingt. I. c. G. Torreyi, Bigel. I. c. p. 56. 



Stems 10-18 inches high, shining, a little pubescent towards the summit, usually nearly 

 or quite smooth below. Leaves 1 - 1 2 (and in var. lanceolatum often more than 2) inches 

 long, more or less pubescent, sometimes hairy on both sides (particularly on the veins), marked 

 on the under surface with indistinct scattered roundish and linear dots. Terminal peduncle 

 3-forked to the base ; the divisions either simple or two-forked, with several somewhat secund 

 flowers on each branch : a very small bractcal leaf at the base of each short pedicel. Corolla 

 usually brownish-purple, rarely cream-colored ; the lobes acuminate-cuspidate. Fruit clothed 

 with dense white bristles. 



' Fertile woods ; common. Fl. June - July. Fr. August - September. The root is slightly 

 sweetish in both varieties. The two forms seem to pass into each other, but in their extreme 

 slates they certainly appear very difl'erent. 



♦ •♦ Flowers vhitc; the pediiiiclcs disposed in a ierniinal panicle. 



7. Galium boreale, Linn. Northern Bedstraw. 



Stem straight, erect, smoothish, paniculately branched above ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear- 

 lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, rather obtuse ; panicle elongated, somewhat pyramidal ; fruit 

 hispid with short scarcely uncinate hairs, or sometimes smooth. — Linn. sp. I. p. 108; Pursh, 

 fl. I. p. 104 ; Torr.fl. I. p. 169 ; Hook.fl. Bor -Am. I. p. 289; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 103; 

 Torr. ^ Gr. fl. N. Am. 2. p. 25. G. Bermudianum, Muhl. cat. p. 15. G. strictum, Torr. 

 cat. pi. N. York, p. 23. G. septcntrionale, Ro'?n. <J- Schult. syst. 3. p. 253 ; Bigel. fl. Bost. 

 p. 53 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 601 ; Beck, hot. p. 163. 



