C^'^-rmx. COMPOSITE. 411 



Root not tuberiferous. Stems 12-18 inches high, often several from one root, nearly 

 naked, usually once or twice forked. Radical leaves 2 - 5 inches long, variable, sometimes 

 nearly entire. Peduncles 1 - 3 inches long, commonly about tliree togetlier, with two small 

 unequal clasping bracteal leaves at the base, sometimes a little hairy below the heads. In- 

 volucre often calyculate, with one or two subulate bracteoles at the base ; scales linear- 

 lanceolate, nerveless, acute. Flowers orange-yellow. Achenia smooth, finely striate. Pappus 

 very rough, brittle. ' 



Open woods, meadows, etc. ; not rare, except in the interior of the State. May - July. 



48. CICHORIUM. Tourn. ; DC. prodr. 7. p. 84. yvccoRY 



[ Supposed to be derived from chikolmid; the Arabic name of the plant ] 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; the exterior of- about five short spreading scales ; 

 the inner of 8 - 10 scales. Achenia somewhat compressed, striate, smooth. Pappus of 

 numerous very small chaffy scales. - Branching herbs, with toothed cr runcinate radical 

 leaves. Heads axillary and nearly sessile, or terminal. Flowers bright blue, sor.iotimes 

 varying to white.' 



I. CiCHORiuM Intvbus, Linn. Wild Succory, or Chicory. 



Radical leaves runcinate ; the caulinc, small, partly clasping ; heads sessile, mostly 2-3 

 together. - Engl. hot. t. 539 ; Pursh, fl. 8. p. 496 ; Bigel. Jl. Bost. p. 285 ; Darlingt fi 

 Cest. p. 440 ; Torr. ^ Gr. fl. N. Am. 2. p. 472. 



Root perennial, somewhat fusiform. Stem 2-3 feet high, with numerous long branches- 

 rough and hairy. Radical leaves 4-8 inches long, resembling those of the Dandelion ; stem- 

 leaves smaller, cordate, more or less sinuatenoolhed. Heads mostly by pairs, sessile on tlie 

 sides of the branches, large and showy; Involucre glandular-ciliate and somewhat viscid. 

 Flowers mostly bright blue, but often very pale purple or almost white. 



Pastures, road-sides and meadows ; rather common. Introduced from Europe. August - 

 September. In France, this plant is cultivated as a winter salad. The roots of a particular 

 variety are also dried and roasted, when ihcy are used to mix with coffee, to adulterate it, or, 

 as some assert, to improve its flavor. 



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