652 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. 



13. HELICOCEPHALUM Thaxt. Bot. Gaz- 16:201. 1891. 

 Vegetative hyphae small, creeping over the substratum; 



sporophores erect, simple, continuous, spirally coiled at the 

 apex, the spiral portions becoming septate and constricted at 

 intervals, forming at maturity a chain of large, dark-colored, 

 thick- walled spores. 



Contains but one species. 



14. MONILIA Pers. Tent. Disp. Meth. Fung 40. 1797. 

 Sporophores erect, septate, irregularly branched, here and 



there minutely denticulate, each projection giving rise to a 

 chain of conidia; conidia globose, elliptical, or lemon shaped. 



The sporophores are long and well developed, and in some 

 species at first appear to attain such size as to distinguish them 

 from the rest of the Toruleae. But the hyphae break up into 

 long chains of conidia at maturity, and in many other species 

 the sporophore is not to be distinguished from a much branched 

 chain of conidia. Between these types all gradations are to be 

 found, even in the same species. 



Like Alysiclium, a somewhat heterogeneous group. The para- 

 sitic forms belong to Sclerotinia. 



15 species are reported from the United States. 



Oospora similis Sacc. is the same as Monilia aureo-fulva C.& E., 

 which must become: 



Monilia similis (Berk.1 



Oidium simile Berk. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 310. PI 12 f. 4. 1845. 

 Monilia aure.o-fulva C. & E. Grev. 8:12. 1886. 



Oidium Lk., as now limited, contains nothing but conidial 

 stages of Erysipheae. Most of the species are now well enough 

 known in all stages, and it does not seem necessary to burden 

 this group with them longer. 



Tribe Chalareae Sacc. Syl. Funsr. 4:33. 1886. 



Including Sporoschismeae Sacc. Syl. Firng. 4:486. 1886. 



Sporophore erect, simple, scarcely distinct from the conidia, 

 hyaline or fuscous, surrounded by a sheath; conidia caten- 

 ulate, continuous or septate, hyaline or fuscous. 



15. CHALARA Corda. Ic. Fung. 2:9. 1838. 

 Sporophore simple, erect, hyaline; sheath more or less swol- 

 len, fuscous; conidia continuous, cylindrical, truncate, hyaline. 



5 species are reported from the United States. 



