MacMillan : shores at lake of the woods. 



989 



pattens, Lysimachia, Naumburghia,Lycopus, Mentha, Scutellaria, 



Stachys, Vleckia, Planiago, and others, so that both by their 

 aquatic population, and by the forms lining their shores they 

 become a distinct feature. The limnetic formations may, upon 

 a small scale, reproduce the zonal formations of the larger lake, 

 but depend rather upon variety of humus than upon other con- 

 ditions. 



In general the population of a strand pool depends upon its 

 depth, its size, and its duration. In large strand pools Scirpus 

 and Phragmites formations with Castalia, and even Chara, may 

 appear. Such pools occupy centers of drainage, are of 

 complex population within, and are surrounded by several 

 zones of limnetic plants. 



DUNES. 



Dunes are not abundantly developed at Lake of the Woods, 

 but one very characteristic series has been formed near the 

 mouth of the Rainy river. In low water these dunes are joined 

 by spits and necks of sand, but in ordinary stages of the lake 

 they are separated as a chain of sand-hill islands. Beach 

 formations are abundantly developed, but more especially on 

 the shoreward side, while the side exposed to the winds and 

 surf of the Traverse shows narrower and scanty strand-areas. 

 This chain of islands is known as the Isle aux Sables, or the 

 Sand Hills. In this connection it will not be necessary to con- 

 sider the strand plants but rather those peculiar distributions 

 and groupings which characterize the dune as distinguished 

 from the beach. A list of species observed on a limited area 

 of the Isle aux Sables is here presented. 



Dune formation on Isle aux Sables. 



Juniperus communis. 

 Juniperus sablna, 

 Finns divaricata. 



restiiosa. 



Atrrostis hiemalis. 

 Calamagrostis canadensis. 

 Flymus canadensis. 

 Cares Bliformfs. 



scoparia. 



Kl '•<><• I >;iris palustrls, 



tenuis. 



■Mincus canadensis. 



tenuis. 



Popolus tremnloides. 

 !<:ili.\ discolor. 

 Betnla glandulosa, 

 Qnercns macroca rp fl • 

 Celtis occidentalis. 

 Allionia nyctaginea, 



Castalia odorata, 

 Cerasns pennsylvanica . 

 Potentilla arguta, 

 Prunus pumila. 

 Kuhus strlgosus. 

 Sorbus sambucifolia. 

 Spiraea salicifolia. 

 Lathyrns maritimus. 

 Rhus radicans. 

 Hypericum ellipticum, 

 Hudsonia tpmentosa. 

 Onagra biennis, 

 Cornus serlcea. 

 Fraxinus amerioana, 

 Sambucus pubens. 

 Campanula rotundifolla, 

 Artemisia canadensis, 



caudata. 



Bolidago Juneea, 



