MacMillan: shores at lake of the woods. 995 



Phragmites is commonly the firmest, and that formed by 

 Panicularia the loosest in texture. 



II. Cyperaceous morass. Usually the dominant plants are 

 members of the genus Scirpus and with these as basis a little 

 group of plants is aggregated which may eventually give foot- 

 hold to shrubby and even to arboreal species of other families. 



III. Sagiftaria morass. Beds of Sagittaria are sometimes 

 formed very abundantly and produce a kind of wet morass 

 especially when such plants as Sagittaria cunedta, found in 

 some of the bays are the dominant species. Sagittaria, though 

 is perhaps as commonly a component of the dry morass form- 

 ations. 



IV. Polygonum morass. Of this the dominant species is 

 Polygonum emersum and off some rather deeper, rocky shores, 

 such a type of attached bog is formed that one can attribute 

 it altogether to the activity of growth of this plant. 



V. Salix morass. Here the dominant species is Salix 

 myrtUloides usually developed not as an independent but as a 

 subsidiary bog plant associated with Sphagnum formations. 

 Yet at Lake of the Woods upon some shores, masses of this 

 willow are developed to such an extent that finally a sufficient 

 amount of humus is collected around their roots to afford a 

 foothold for the little group of sedges and grasses that accom- 

 pany the formation. 



VI. Menyardhes morass. At one or two points the morass 

 is evidently built up and perpetuated largely through the 

 growth of Menyanthes trifoliata. 



VII. Utricularia morass. This is a loose type and is not 

 often developed. At a shore near Northwest Angle inlet, 

 however, the plants of Utricularia vulgaris were so abundant 

 that they had built up a morassic shore some seven feet in 

 width near a ledge of rock, and in water six feet in depth. 



While there are other types besides these, in all probability, 

 the ones named are the characteristic forms at this lake. 

 There should be added, perhaps, an eighth group — mixed 

 morass — to include those morassic shore formations in which 

 the dominant plant would not be clearly distinguished in 

 the group established. However, usually a little care will 

 enable one to decide upon the plant most responsible for the 

 formation. 



All of these morassic formations characterize quiet shores 

 Most of them indicate a shelving gradually deepening lake- 

 margin, but one or two may be developed off abrupt edges, as for 



