Family 13. SIMAROUBACEAE 



By John Kunkel Small 



Shrubs or trees, usually with bitter bark and with oil-sacs in the bark. 

 Leaves alternate or rarely opposite ; blades simple or usually pinnately com- 

 pound, rarely much reduced, the leaflets broad or narrow, entire or rarely toothed, 

 commonly alternate. Flowers perfect, monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous, 

 usually small, in clustered or panicled cymules, or sometimes axillary. Calyx 

 of 3-7 distinct or partly united sepals. Corolla of 3-7 distinct imbricate or 

 rarely valvate petals, or rarely wanting. Audroecium of as many stamens as 

 there are sepals or petals or twice as many, or rarely numerous ; filaments gla- 

 brous or pubescent, or sometimes appendaged at the base; anthers oblong or 

 ovoid, sometimes apiculate at the apex. Gynoeeium of 2-5 carpels with dis- 

 tinct or united bodies. Styles distinct or united, or wanting. Stigmas terminal 

 or introrse. Ovules solitary or two, or rarely many in each ovary-cavity. 

 Fruit a drupe, a berry, a capsule, or a samara. Seed usually solitary. 



Carpels 1-ovuled. 



Stamens with appendaged filaments. 



Disk flattish ; stigmas separate. 1. Simarouba. 



Disk cushion-like or column-like ; stigmas united. 



Filaments with elongate appendages ; sepals partially united. 2. SlMABA. 



Filaments with short appendages ; sepals distinct. 3. Quassia. 



Stamens with unappendaged filaments. 



Fruits drupaceous; flowers not in large panicles. 

 Stamens S-16. 



Petals 4; leaves with well-developed blades. 



Styles united ; anthers apiculate at the apex. 4. Neocastela. 



Styles distinct ; anthers notched at the apex. 5. Castelaria. 



Petals 7 or 8; leaves mostly rudimentary. 6. Holacantha. 



Stamens 4. 



Petals not converging ; leaves alternate. 7. Aeschrion. 



Petals converging ; leaves opposite. 8. Picrella. 



Fruits saruaroid ; flowers in large panicles. 9. AlLANTHUS. 



Carpels 2-ovuled (said to be sometimes 1-ovuled in Recckia). 



Fruits drupaceous or baccate ; leaves with relativelv few large leaflets. 



Carpel-bodies distinct. 10. Recchia. 



Carpel-bodies united. 



Pistillate flowers in racemes or panicles; style wanting. 11. Picramnia. 



Pistillate flowers solitary in the leaf-axils ; style columnar. 12. Picrodendron. 



Fruits samaroid ; leaves with many small leaflets. 13. Alvaradoa. 



1. SIMAROUBA* Aubl. PI. Guian. 2 : 859. 1775. 



Trees with rather stout and often stiff branches. Leaves alternate, persistent ; blades 

 unequally pinnate or rarely equally pinnate, the leaflets few or rather numerous, mostly 

 alternate, entire, leathery, often rather narrow, petioled or nearly sessile. Flowers rather 

 small, monoecious or dioecious, in much-branched panicles. Sepals 5, or sometimes 4 or 6, 

 rather broad, partially united. Petals 5, or sometimes 4 or 6, much longer than the calyx. 

 Stamens 10, or rarely 8 or 12, often reduced to dilated staminodia in the pistillate flowers; 

 filaments subulate, appendaged at the base ; anthers narrow. Ovary usually 5-celled, sessile, 

 the carpel-bodies distinct. Styles united. Stigmas spreading or recurved. Ovules solitary in 

 each ovary-cavity, pendulous. Drupes five together or fewer, slightly elongate, often with 

 a subapical introrse tip, the pulp thin, the stone crustaceous. 



Type species, Simarouba amara Aubl. 



* Also spelled Simaruba. 



Volume 3, Part 25, 1911] 227 



