HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS. Dil 
mented on the exterior with carved posts, some of which are composed of 
successive blocks, one upon another. The carvings were the totems or 
gentile emblems of the ancestry of the householder. 
In the pueblos of the southwest, architecture in materials of stone 
found its highest development among the Indians of the United States. 
So far as we know at present, these houses are communal or gentile dwell- 
ings. Usually a group of dwellings, slightly detached or otherwise sepa- 
rated in architecture, constituted the tribal village. 
In studying these pueblos the gentile divisions and the household 
divisions into compartments should be carefully described and their names 
given. At the same time the architectural parts should be described and 
their names given. In schedule No. 4 many of these items are called for. 
The Indians also construct council houses and sudatories, 7. ¢., sweat- 
houses; sometimes, perhaps, the same structure was used for both pur- 
poses; but this is not very probable. In the pueblos the council houses 
are underground chambers. 
The women construct menstrual lodges; these are rude shelters apart 
from the others. They should be described and their names recorded. 
The Hon. Lewis H. Morgan, of Rochester, in a statement to the 
Archeological Institute of America, enumerates the following items as sub- 
jects of investigation among the pueblos of the United States: 
1. To make a careful exploration of the structures in ruins, taking 
ground plans of them, with elevations and details of the more important 
structures, and with exact measurements. 
2. To procure and bring away specimens of the stones used in these 
structures; to determine the extent and character of the dressing—~. ¢., to 
find whether the stones were dressed, or prepared by fracture simply; 
whether the angle formed upon the stones is a right angle, and whether 
the upper and lower sides are parallel. 
3. To take apart the masonry to find how it was laid up, and the 
degree of skill displayed in it. 
4. To find how far below the ground surface the walls are laid, and 
how truly they are vertical. 
5. To bring away specimens of the mortar for analysis. 
