22 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES. 
6. To ascertain how the joists in ceilings and the lintels over doorways 
were cut; how the wooden trap-doorway was framed and held together; 
and what varieties of wood were used for these purposes. 
7. To determine whether fireplaces and chimneys existed in the struct- 
ures now in ruins. 
8. To ascertain the lithological character of the stone used; and 
whether it was quarried, or picked up from broken masses of rock and 
carried long distances; also to ascertain by measurements the size of the 
stone used in the walls—the largest, the smallest, and the average. 
9. To determine the plan and uses of the round towers of stone found 
on the Mancos River, and in some cases incorporated in pueblo houses— 
as in the case of a stone pueblo at the eastern base of Ute Mountain in 
Colorado. 
10. To examine the so-called cemeteries in Montezuma valley, where 
single graves are marked by a border of flat stones, set level with the 
ground in a rectangle. 
11. To examine the garden beds and irrigating canals, and ascertain 
the methods of cultivation now or formerly in use. 
12. To make ground plans and elevations with measurements of the 
present occupied pueblo houses in New Mexico and Arizona, in order to 
determine whether or not the houses in ruins and the occupied houses are 
constructed upon a common plan. 
13. To ascertain the mode of life in these houses, past and present; 
whether the people are organized in gentes, and what is their social system ; 
how the sections of these joint-tenement houses were owned, and how 
inherited ; and what limitations, if any, were put upon the. power of sale. 
The same as to gardens and personal property. 
14. To find the number of persons who live and eat together, united 
in a family, and how the members are related; or, in other words, to ascer- 
tain whether any trace now exists of large groups of related persons prac- 
ticing communism in living in the household. Also to find, if possible, the 
size of the group in former times. 
