56 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES. 
b. By compounding, where two words are made into one, in which case 
the original elements of the new word remain in an unmodified condition, 
as in “house-top,” ‘‘rain-bow,” ‘‘tell-tale.” 
c. By agglutination, in which case one or more of the elements entering 
into combination to form the new word is somewhat changed—the ele- 
ments are fused together. Yet this modification is not so great as to essen- 
tially obscure the primitive words, as in ‘‘truthful,” where we easily recog- 
nize the original words “truth” and “full”; and “holiday,” in which “holy” 
and “day” are recognized. 
d. By inflection. Here one or more of the elements entering into the 
compound has been so changed that it can scarcely be recognized. There 
is a constant tendency to economy in speech by which words are gradually 
shortened as they are spoken by generation after generation. In those 
words which are combinations of others there are certain elements that wear 
out more rapidly than others. Where some particular word is combined 
with many other different words the tendency to modify by wear this oft- 
used elementis great. This is more especially the case where the combined 
word is used in certain categories of combinations, as where particular 
words are used to denote tense in the verb; thus “did” may be used in com- 
bination with a verb to denote past time until it is worn down to the sound 
of “d.”. The same wear occurs where particular words are used to form 
cases in nouns and a variety of illustrations might be given. These cate- 
gories constitute conjugations and declensions, and for convenience such 
combinations may be called paradigmatic. Then the oft-repeated elements 
of paradigmatic combinations are apt to become excessively worn and 
modified, so that the primitive words or themes to which they are attached 
seem to be but sligntly changed by the addition. Under these circum- 
stances combination is called inflection. 
Asa morphologic process, no well-defined plane of demarkation between 
these four methods of combination can be drawn, as one runs into another; 
but, in general, words may be said to be juxtaposed, when two words being 
placed together the combination performs the function of a new word, while 
in form the two words remain separate. 4 
Words may be said to be compound when two or more words are com- 
