HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS. 59 
It has thus been explained what is meant by the four grammatic pro- 
cesses, and this has been necessary in order to call the attention of the 
student to three methods with which he may not be so familiar, viz: the 
second, third, and fourth. 
In the study of an Indian language the student should take pains to 
discover for what purposes and to what extent either or all of these methods 
are used; and, especially, is attention directed to the use of intonation, 
from the fact that several Indian tribes are known to greatly intone their 
words. This characteristic has been frequently mentioned by those familiar 
with certain tribes, and the writer has himself noticed it, especially with the 
people of Oraibi and Zuni, who inhabit pueblos but speak different lan- 
guages. 
Placement is known to be used for important purposes in some of the 
Indian tongues which have been studied; that is, the order of words in a 
sentence is of great significance. This subject should receive careful study. 
In the thirtieth schedule a list of verbs is given which it would be well 
for the student to write out in all of their forms, and especially should he 
look for irregular and defective verbs, and for different methods of conju- 
gation. 
A particular form of irregularity exists in the Ute language which may 
be discovered elsewhere. In that language there are many verbs where 
the singular and dual are formed on one theme and the plural on another. 
§ 31. ON THE BEST METHOD OF STUDYING MATERIALS COLLECTED. 
The schedules and the preceding sections have been given for the pur- 
pose of directing students into the best methods of collecting Indian ma- 
terial for study. 
The study of the materials collected is the second stage in linguistic 
research. On this branch of the subject Mr. J. Hammond Trumbull has 
written somewhat at length, in the Transactions of the American Philolog- 
ical Association, 1869—70, from which the following extract is taken: 
In the English language the analytical tendency has attained its highest results. 
By employing independent words to express grammatical relations, it has reduced a 
great part of its vocabulary to monosyllables. The very essence of the Indian lan- 
guages on the contrary is synthesis, and their capacity for synthetical development is 
