VI PREFACE. 



Lieut. Stoney, in 1885, establisli the fact that the region to the north of those luoun- 

 taius is occupied by Athapascan tribes, and the map is colored accordingly. Only 

 in two places in Alaska do the Athapascan tribes reach the coast: the K'naia-kho- 

 tana, on Cook's Inlet, and the Ahthena, of Cooper River. 



Pacific groitp.—lJn\U<.e the tribes of the Northern group, most of those of the Pacific 

 o'roup have removed from their priscan habitats since the advent of the white r.ace. 

 The Pacific group embraces the following: Kwalhio(iua, formerly on Willopah River, 

 Washington, near the lower (Chinook; Ovvilapsh, formerly between Shoalwater Bay 

 and the heads of the Cholialis River, Washington, the territory of these two tribes 

 being practically continuous; Tlatscanai, formerly on a smiill stream on the north- 

 west side of Wapatoo Island. Gibbs was inforuied by an obi Indian that this tribe 

 "formerly owned the prairies on theTsihalis at the mouth of the Skukumchuck, but, 

 on the failure of game, left the country, crossed the Columbia River, and occupied 

 the mountains to the south," a statement of too uncertain character to be depended 

 upon; the Athapascan tribes now on the Grande Ronde and Siletz Reservntioas, 

 Oregon, whose villages on and near the coast extended from Coquille River south- 

 ward to the California line, including, among others, the Upper Coquille, Sixes, 

 Euchre, Creek, Joshua, Tutu tfinne, anil otlier "Rogue River" or "Tou-touten 

 bands," Chasta Costa, Galice Creek, Naltunne tfumc, and Chetco villages; the Atha- 

 pascan villages formerly on Smith River and tributaries, California; those villages 

 extending southward from Smith River along tiie California coast to the mouth of 

 Klamath River; the Hupa villages or "clans" formerly on Lower Trinity River, 

 California; the Kenesti or Wailakki (2), located as follows: "They live along the 

 western slope of the Shasta Mountains, from North Eel River, above Round Valley, 

 to Hay Fork; along Eel aud Mad rivers, extending down the latter about to Low 

 Gap; also on Dobbins and Larrabie creeks;" and Saiaz, who "formerly occupied 

 the tongue of land jutting down between Eel River and Van Duseu's Fork." 



Southern group. — Includes the Navajo, Apache, and Lipan. Engineer Jos6 Cortez, 

 one of the earliest authorities on these tribes, writing in 1799, defines the boundaries 

 of the Lipan and Apache as extending north and south from 29^ N. to 36^ N., and 

 east aud west from 99^ W. to 114^ W. ; in other words, from central Texas nearly 

 to the Colorado River in Arizona, where they met tribes of the Yuma stock. The 

 Lipan occupied the eastern part of the above territory, extending in Texas from the 

 Comanche country (about Reil River) south to the Rio Grande. More recently both 

 Lipan and Apache have gradually moved southward into Mexico, where they extend 

 as far as Durango. 



The Navajo, since first known to history, have occupied the country on and south 

 of the San Juan River in northern New Mexico and Arizona aud extending into 

 Colorado and Utah. They were surrounded on all sides by the cognate Apache 

 except upon the north, where they meet Shoshonean tribes. 



The present volume embraces 544 titalar entries, of wliicli 428 relate 

 to printed books aud articles and IIC to mauuscripts. Of these, 517 

 have been seen and described by the compiler, 422 of the prints and 

 95 of the manuscripts, leaving 27 as derived from outside sources, IG of 

 the prints and 21 manuscripts. Of those unseen by the writer, titles 

 and descriptions have been received in most cases from persons who 

 have actually seen the works and described them for him. 



So far as possible, during the proof-reading, direct comparison has 

 bee.i made with the works themselves. For this purpose, besides his 

 own books, the writer has had access to those in the libraries of Con- 

 gress, the Bureau of Ethnology, the Smithsonian Institution, and to 

 several private collections in the city of Washington. Mr. Wilberforce 



