30 



BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE 



Franchfere (G. ) — Continued. 



Copies seen : British Museum, Congress, 

 QeorKctown, Mallet, Pilling, Tmnibull. 



Gabriel Franehere was born on November 3, 

 1786, in ^^(>nt real, where his father had estab- 

 lished hiniseir as a merchant. His early life 

 apjx'iirs to have been spent at school and 

 behind his father's eounter. 



In the spring of 1810 Franchero sought 

 employment in the Pacific Fur Company, and 

 on May 24 he signed articles of engagement 

 with one of the company's partners. By this 

 agreement ho bound liiiuself to the service of 

 the company, as a clerk, for Ave years. In July 

 he left home, with a number of his young com- 

 patriots, in canoes for New York. 



Tlu< Paeitic Fur Company was equipping 

 two expeditions for the Columbia country — 

 one overland, from St. Louis, aniT the other by 

 sea, around Cape Horn, and Franchere was 

 assigned to the party going by sea. September, 

 1810, the ship Ton(iuin,.Tonathan Thorn, lieu- 

 tenant IT. S. Navy, master, .set sail for the Pacific 

 coast. On April 12 the party weie landed on 

 the south side of the Columbia, ten miles from 

 its mouth, and the company's principal port, 

 called .Vstoria, was founded. 



Franeh^re exhibited a wonderful talent for 

 aciiuiring the Indian languages of the country, 

 and otherwise made himself so useful that he 

 was retained at headquarters most of the 

 time, although he made a number of excursions 

 up the Columbia, tlie Cowlitz, and the Willa- 

 mette. 



After the (lisbandTiient of the Pacific Fur Com- 

 pany he entered temporarily into the service of 

 the Northwest Company; but, although bril- 



Franchfere (G.) — Continued. 



liant offers were made to him, as soon as oppor- 

 tunity offered he determined to return to 

 ^lontreal by the Canadian overland route up the 

 Columbia, across the Rocky Mountains through 

 the Athabasca Pass, down the Athabasca, 

 across the marshes, down the Saskateliewan, 

 across Lake Winnipeg, up Winnipeg and 

 Rainy rivers, down the Kaiuinisti(iua, across 

 Lakes Superior .and Huron, up the French 

 River, across the height of lands at Lake Nipis- 

 sing, down the Mattawan, .and finallj'down the 

 Ottawa to the St. Lawrence, a distance of five 

 thousand miles, traveled in canoes and on foot. 

 He appeared under the paternal roof on the 

 evening of September 1, 1814, greatly to the 

 surprise of his family, who had received no 

 intelligence of him since he had left New York, 

 four years previously, and who mourned him 

 as dead, since they imagined he had perished 

 in the ill-fated Touquin, oft" the coast of New 

 Caledonia. 



Franchere removed to Sault Ste. Marie with 

 his young family in 1834 and engaged in the 

 fur trade. Later he became a partner in the 

 noted commercial house of P. Choteau, Son & 

 Co., of St. Louis, and later still he established 

 himself in Now York City as the senior partner 

 in the firm of G. Franchere &. Co. 



He died at the residence of his sim-in-law, 

 Hon. Jolm S. Prince, mayor of St. Paul, Minn., 

 at the age of seventy years, the last survivor 

 of the celebrated Astor expeditions. — Mallet, in 

 Catholic Annual, 18S7. 



Frost (J. H.) See Lee (D.) and Frost 

 (J.H.) 



G. 



Gairdner (Dr. — ). Notes on the Geog- 

 r,aphy of the Columbi<i River. By the 

 hate Dr. Gairdner. 



In Royal Geog. Soc. .lour. vol. 11, pp. 250-257, 

 London. 1841, 8^. (Congress.) 



Notes on the Indian tribes of the upper and 

 lower Columbia, pp. 255-250, contains a list of 

 the peoples of that locality, with their habitat, 

 among them the divisions of the Chinook. 



Gallatin (Albert). A wyuopsis of the In- 

 dian tribes within the United States 

 east of tlie Rocky Mountains and in 

 the British and Russian possessions in 

 North America. By the Hon. Albert 

 Gallatin. 



In American Antiquarian Soc. Trans. 

 (Archajologia Americana), vol. 2, pp. l-422,Cam- 

 bridge, 1836,8°. 



A vocabulary of 33 words, and the numerals 

 1-12, 20, in Chinook (mouth of the Columbia). 

 p. 379. 



Gallatin (A.) — Continued. 



Hale's Indians of North-west Amer- 



ica,and vocabularies of North America ; 

 with an introduction. By Albert Gal- 

 latin. 



In American Ethnological Soc. Trans, vol. 2, 

 pp. xxiii-clxxxviii, 1-1.30, New York, 1848, 8°. 



General account of the Tsiuuk, or Chinooks, 

 pp. 15-17. — The Tshinuk family (pp. 56-58) 

 includes pronunciation, p.. 56; personal pronouns 

 of the Watlala, p. 56; possessive lu'onouns, 

 p. 57; partial conjugation of the verb to be eoH, 

 p. 57; transitive inflections, p. 58; pluralization 

 of nouns in the Waiwaikuni, p. 58. — The "Jar- 

 gon "or trade language of Oregon (pp. 62-70) 

 includes a general account of tiie language, pp. 

 62-64; .Jargon words (41) derived from the 

 English, p. 64 ; derived from the French (33), p. 

 05; formed by ononiatoixeia (12), p. 65; alpha- 

 betical Englisli me;uiing of the words of the 

 Jargou(165), p.66;grammatic treatise, pp. 66-70. 

 "All the words thus brought together and 

 combined in this singularly constructed speech 



