888 



MISSIONS 



[b. a. e. 



Mo. ; the other, Union, M'as on the w. 

 bank of Neosho r., about midway between 

 the present Muskogee and Ft Gibson, 

 Ok la. Both were estal)lished upon an 

 extensive scale, with boarding schools 

 and a full corps of workers; but in conse- 

 quence of differences with the agent and 

 an opposition instigated by the traders, 

 the Osage tield was abandoned after about 

 15 years of discouraging effort (McCoy). 

 One of these workers. Rev. William B. 

 Montgomery, compileil an Osage reading 

 book, published in 1834. Among others 

 connected with the mission were the 

 Revs. Chapman, Pixley, Newton, Sprague, 

 Palmer, Vaill, Belcher, and Requa. The 

 missions conducted by the same denomi- 

 nation among the removed Southern tribes 

 in Oklahoma are noted in connection 

 with the Southern states. 



In 1834 two Presbyterian workers, Revs. 

 John Dunbar and Samuel Allis, began 

 work among the Pawnee of Nebraska 

 under the auspices of the American Board, 

 and later were joined by Dr Satterlee. 

 After some time spent in getting ac- 

 quainted with the people and the lan- 

 guage, a permanent station was selected 

 on Plum cr., a small tributary of Loup r., 

 in 1838, by consent of the Pawnee, who 

 in the meantime had also acknowledged 

 the authority of the Government. Cir- 

 cumstances delayed the work until 1844, 

 when a considerable mission and a Gov- 

 ernment station were begun, and a num- 

 ber of families from the different bands 

 took up their residence adjacent thereto. 

 In consequence, however, of the repeated 

 destructive inroads of the Sioux, the 

 ancient enemies of the Pawnee, the mis- 

 sion effort was abandoned in 1847 and 

 the tribe returned to its former wild life. 



About the year 1835 work was begun 

 by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign 

 Missions among the Iowa and Sauk, then 

 residing on Missouri r. in e. Nebraska. 

 Attention was given also to some others 

 of the removed tribes, and about 10 years 

 later a mission was established among the 

 Omaha and the Oto at Bellevue, near the 

 present Omaha, Nebr. , where, in 1850, 

 Rev. Edward McKenney compiled a small 

 Omaha primer, the first publication in 

 that language. Both missions continued 

 down to the modern period, despite the 

 shifting fortunes ot the tribes. Other 

 prominent workers were Rev. Samuel 

 Irvin, who gave 30 years of his life, be- 

 ginning in 1837, to the first tribes named; 

 and Rev. William Hamilton, who, begin- 

 ning also in 1837, with the same tribes, 

 was transferred to the Bellevue mission 

 in 1853, rounding out a long life with a 

 record of half a century spent in the serv- 

 ice. Working in collaboration these two 

 produced several religious and linguistic 

 works iu the Iowa languas^e, published 



by the Mission press from 1843 to 1850, 

 besides a collection of Omaha hymns and 

 some manuscript translations by Mr Ham- 

 ilton alone at a later period. 



The pioneer Methodist mission work in 

 the central region appears to have been 

 inaugurated by a volunteer negro minis- 

 ter, Rev. Mr Stewart, who in 1816 began 

 preaching among the Wyandot, about 

 Sandusky, in Ohio, and continued with 

 such success that 3 years later a regular 

 mission was established under Rev. James 

 B. Finley. This is the only work by that 

 denomination noted in Morse's Report of 

 1822. In 1835, with liberal aid frum the 

 Government, as was then customary, the 

 S(^uthern branch established a mission 

 about 12 m. from the present Kansas City, 

 in Kansas, among the immigrant Shaw- 

 nee. In 1839 it was in charge of Rev. 

 Thomas Johnson, and 3 years later was 

 reported in flourishing condition, with 

 boarding school and industrial farm. In 

 1855 both this mission and another, estab- 

 lished by the Northern branch, were in 

 operation. Smaller missions were estab- 

 lished between 1835 and 1840 among the 

 Kickapoo (Rev. Berryman in charge in 

 1839) , Kansa ( Rev. W. Johnson in charge 

 in 1839), Delawares, Potawatomi, and 

 united Peoria and Kaskaskia, all but 

 the last-named lieing in Kansas. A small 

 volume in the Shawnee language and an- 

 other in the Kansa were prepared and 

 printed for their use by Mr Lykins, of 

 the Shawnee Baptist mission. The work 

 just outlined, with some work among the 

 immigrant Southern tribes (see Southern 

 States), seems to be the sum of Methodist 

 mission labors outside of the Chippewa 

 territory until a recent period. In 1837 

 a mission was started by Rev. Alfred 

 Brunson among the Santee Sioux at 

 Kaposia, or Little Crow's village, a few 

 •jiiles below the present St Paul, Minn., 

 which existed until 1841, when, on the 

 demand of the Indians, it was discon- 

 tinued. 



In 1823 the Wesle5^an Methodist Society 

 of England began work among the Chip- 

 pewa and related bands in Ontario (see 

 Canada, East), and some 20 years later 

 the American Methodists began work in 

 the same tribe along the s. shore of L. 

 Superior in upper Michigan. In 1843 

 Rev. J. H. Pitezel took charge of the 

 work, with headquarters at Sault Ste 

 Marie as the principal station. Another 

 station was established at Keweenaw pt. 

 about the same time by Rev. John Clark. 

 Others were estalilished later at Sandy 

 lake and Mille Lac, Minn., also among 

 the Chippewa, and all of these were in 

 successful operation in 1852. 



The earliest Baptist worker in the cen- 

 tral region was Rev. Isaac McCoy, after- 

 ward for nearly 30 years thegeneral agent 



