892 



MISSIONS 



[b. a. e. 



Hudson's Bay Co. , having visited the vari- 

 ous tribes farther up along the river en 

 route. In the next year St Francis 

 Xavier mission was estabUshed by Blan- 

 chet on the CowHtz, in w. Washington, 

 and St Paul mission at the French settle- 

 ment on the lower Willamet, at Cham- 

 poeg, Oreg., while Father J. B. Boldue, 

 afterward the pioneer missionary on 

 Vancouver id., began preaching to the 

 tribes on Puget sd. In 1841 the Jesuit 

 de Smet had founded the mission of St 

 Mary among the Flatheads in w. Montana 

 (see Interior States), while a companion 

 Jesuit, Father Nicholas Point, established 

 the Sacred Heart mission among the Canir 

 d'Alenes in Idaho. 



In 1844 de Smet brought out from 

 Europe a number of Jesuits and several 

 sisters of the order of Notre Dame. Regu- 

 lar schools were started and the tribes on 

 both sides of the river as far up as the 

 present Canadian boundary were included 

 within the scope of the work. In the 

 meantime Blanchet had been made arch- 

 bishop of the Columbia territory and had 

 brought out from Quebec 21 additional 

 recruits — Jesuits, secular priests, and sis- 

 ters — with which reinforcements 6 other 

 missions were founded in rapid succes- 

 sion, viz: St Ignatius, St Francis Borgia, 

 and St Francis Regis, in Washington, 

 among the Upper Pend d'Oreilles, Lower 

 Pend d'Oreilles, and Colvilles, respec- 

 tively, with 3 others across the line in 

 British Columbia. Of these tlie first- 

 named was the principal station, in charge 

 of the Jesuit Fathers De Vos and Accolti. 

 In the summer of 1847 Father N. C. 

 Pandosy and 3 others, the first Oblate 

 fathers in this region, established a mis- 

 sion at Ahtanam among the Yakima in 

 E. Washington; Father Pascal Ricard, 

 Oblate, founded St Joseph on the Sound 

 near the present Olympia ; and in October 

 of the same year, after some negotiation 

 for the purchase of the Presbyterian 

 establishment under Whitman at Waii- 

 latpu. Father John Brouillet arrived to 

 start a mission among the Cayuse. 

 Hardly had he reached the nearest 

 camp, however, when the news came 

 of the terrible Whitman massacre, and 

 Brouillet was just in time to bury the 

 dead and send warning to the outlying 

 stations, as already detailed. The project 

 of a mission among the Cayuse was in 

 consequence abandoned. In the next 

 year the secular Fathers Rousseau and 

 Mesplee founded a station among the 

 Wasco, at The Dalles of Columbia r., 

 Oreg. Work was attempted among the 

 degenerate Chinook in 1851, but with 

 little result. Father E. C. Chirouse, best 

 known for his later successful work at 

 Tulalip school, began his labors among 

 the tribes of Puget sd. and the lower 



Columbia about the same period. With 

 the exception of the Wasco and Chinook, 

 these missions, or their successors, are 

 still in existence, numbering among their 

 adherents the majority of the Christian 

 Indians of Washington and s. Idaho. 

 At the Tulalip school 'The Youth's Com- 

 panion,' a small journal in the Indian 

 language, set up and printed by the In- 

 dian boys, was begun in 1881 and con- 

 ducted for some years. Father Louis 

 Saintonge, for some years with the Yaki- 

 ma and Tulalip missions, is the author of 

 several important linguistic contributions 

 to the Chinook jargon and the Yakima 

 language. Father Pandosy also is the 

 author of a brief ' Grammar and Diction- 

 ary ' of the Yakima. 



New Mexico and Arizona. — As all of 

 this region was colonized from Spain, the 

 entire mission work until a very recent 

 period was conducted by the Catholics 

 and through priests of the Franciscan 

 order. The earliest exploration of the 

 territory w. of the Rio Grande was made 

 by the Franciscan friar, Marcos de Niza, 

 in 1539, and it was through his repre- 

 sentations that the famous exploration of 

 Coronado was undertaken a year later. 

 Five Franciscans accompanied the army, 

 and on the return of the expedition in 

 1542 three of these volunteered to remain 

 behind for the conversion of the savages. 

 Fray Luis de Escalona, or Descalpna, 

 chose Cicuye (Pecos) for his labors. 

 Fray Juan de Padilla, with a few com- 

 panions and a herd of sheej) and mules, 

 pushed on to distant Quivira, some- 

 where on the plains of Kansas. Fray 

 Juan de la Cruz stayed at Tiguex, Coro- 

 nado's winter quarters, properly Puaray 

 on the Rio Grande, near the present Ber- 

 nalillo, N. Mex. On arriving at Pecos 

 Fray I>uis sent back the message that 

 while the tribe was friendly the medicine- 

 men were hostile and would probably 

 causehis death. So it apparently proved, 

 for nothing more was ever heard of his 

 fate or of that of Fray Juan de la Cruz at 

 Tiguex. Of Fray Juan de Padilla it was 

 learned years afterward that he had-been 

 killed by the Quivira people for attempt- 

 ing to carry his ministrations to another 

 tribe with which they were at war. 



In 1580 three other Franciscans, Rod- 

 riguez, Santa Maria, and Lopez, crossed 

 the Rio Grande with a small escort and 

 attempted to establish a mission at the 

 same town of Tiguex, by that time known 

 as Puaray, but were killed liy the Indians 

 within a few months of their arrival. 



In 1598 J uan deOfiate with a strong party 

 of 100 men, besides women and children, 

 and 7,000 cattle, entered the country from 

 Mexico and within a few months had 

 received the submission of all the Pueblo 

 tribes as far as the remote Hopi of Ari- 



