6 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
back, so that it still retains the same position with respect to the beginning 
of the word; as, napé, hand, minape, my hand; baksa, to cut off with a knife, 
bawaksa, I cut off; mdaska, flat, Gaymdaska, boards ; maga, a field, mitamaga, 
my field. 
When the accent is on the first syllable of the word the prefixing syllable does 
not always remoye it; as, noge, the ear, mandge, my ear. : 
2. The same is true of any number of syllables prefixed; as, kaska, 
to bind; wakaska, J bind; wiédwakaska, I bind them. 
3. (a) If the verb be accented on the second syllable, and pronouns be 
inserted after it, they do not affect the primary accent; as, wastédaka, to 
love; wastéwadaka, J love something. 
(b) But if the verb be accented on the first syllable, the introduction of 
a pronoun removes the accent to the second syllable; as, méni, to walk; 
mawanl, J walk. 
In some cases, however, the accent is not removed; as, Ohi, to reach to; é6wahi, I 
reach. 
4. When ‘wa’ is prefixed to a word commencing with a vowel, and an 
elision takes place, the accent is thrown on the first syllable; as, iyuskin, 
to rejoice in; wiyuskin, to rejoice; amdéza, clear, wamdeza; amdosa, the red- 
winged black-bird, wamdosa. 
5. When ‘wo’ is prefixed to adjectives and verbs forming of them 
abstract nouns, the accent is placed on the first syllable; as, pidé, glad; 
wopida, gladness; wadysida, merciful; wowaoysida, mercy; ihaygeya, to de- 
stroy; woihaygve, a destroying. 
6. So also when the first syllable of a word is dropped or merged into 
a pronominal prefix, the accent is removed to the first syllable; as, kikstiya, 
to remember: miksuva, remember me. 
CHANGES OF LETTERS. 
SUBSPTTUTION AND ELISION. 
9 6. 1. ‘A’ or ‘ay’ final in verbs, adjectives, and some adverbs, is 
changed to ‘e, when followed by auxiliary verbs, or by certain conjunc 
tions or adverbs. Thus— 
(a) When an uncontracted verb in the singular number ending with 
‘a’ or ‘ay’ precedes another verb, as the infinitive mood or participle, the 
‘a’ or ‘ay’ becomes ‘e;’ as, ya, to go; ye kiya, to cause to go; niwan, to 
swim; niwe kiya, to cause to swim; niwe un, he is swimming; but they also 
say niway wauy, Lam swimming. 
