8 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
2. When ‘ya,’ the pronoun of the second person singular and nomina- 
tive case, precedes the inseparable prepositions ‘ki,’ fo, and ‘kiéi,’ for, the 
‘ki’? and ‘ya’ are changed, or rather combined, into ‘ye;’ as, yeéaga, thou 
makest to, instead of yakiéaga; yediéaga, thou makest for one, instead of 
yakidiéaga. In like manner the pronoun ‘wa,’ J, when coming in conjunc- 
tion with ‘ki,’ forms ‘we;’ as, weéaga, not wakiéaga, from kiéaga. Wowapi 
wecéage kta, [will make him a book, i. e. I will write him a letter. 
3. (a) When a pronoun or preposition ending in ‘e’ or ‘i’ is prefixed 
to a verb whose initial letter is ‘k,’ this letter is changed to ‘é;’ as, kaga, to 
make, kiéaga, to make to or for one; kaksa, to cut off, kiéiéaksa, to cut off for 
one. 
(b) But if a consonant immediately follows the ‘k,’ it is not changed; 
as, kte, to kill, nikte, he kills thee. In accordance with the above rule, they 
say Giéute, I shoot thee; they do not however say kiéute, but kikute, he 
shoots for one. 
(c) This change does not take place in adjectives. They say kata, hot, 
nikata, thow art hot; kuza, lazy, nikuza, thou art lazy. 
§ 8. 1. ‘T’ and ‘k’ when followed by ‘p’ are interchangeable; as 
inkpa, intpa, the end of any thing; wakpa, watpa, a river; sinkpe, sintpe, 
a muskrat. 
2. In the Ihanktoyway dialect, ‘k’ is often used for ‘h’ of the Walipe- 
toyway; as, kdi, to arrive at home, tor hdi; éaypakmikma, a cart or wagon, 
for Gaypahmihma. In the same circumstances the Titonway use ‘g,’ and 
the Mdewakaytonway ‘n;’ as, Gaypagmigma, éaypanminma. 
3. Vowel changes required by the Titonwan: 
(a) ‘a’ to ‘u,’ sometimes, as Iwanga’ to ‘iyunga;’ 
(b) ‘e’ to ‘i,’ sometimes, as ‘aetopteya’ to ‘aitopteya;’ 
(c) ‘e’ to fo,’ as ‘mdetanhuyka’ to ‘blotanhunka;’ ‘kehan’ to ‘kohay’ 
or ‘koyhay;’ 
(d) ‘i’ to ‘e,’ as ‘eéonpi ye do’ to ‘eéonpe lo;’ 
(e) ‘i’ to fo,’ sometimes, as ‘ituya’ to ‘otuya;’ 
(/) ‘i’ to Su,’ as ‘odidita’ to ‘oluluta;’ ‘itahan’ to ‘utuhan,’ ete.; 
(gy) ‘o’ to ‘e,’ sometimes, as ‘tiyopa’ to ‘tiyepa;’ 
(h) ‘a’ or ‘ay’ final, changed to ‘e,’ before the sign of the future, ete., 
becomes ‘in,’ as ‘yeke kta’ to ‘yukin kta,’ ‘te kta’ to ‘tin kta.’ 
4. Consonant changes required by the 'Titonwan: 
(a) ‘b’ to ‘w,’ (1) in the prefixes ‘ba’ and ‘bo,’ always; (2) in some 
words, as ‘walibadan’ to ‘walhwala;’ 
(b) ‘b’ to ‘m,’ as ‘Sbeya’ to ‘Smeya;’ 
