COMPOUND VERBS—CONJUGATION—FORM. 21 
3. Sometimes other parts of speech may be used in the same way, i.e., 
prepositions; as, ematanhan, I am from. 
COMPOUND VERBS. 
§ 36. There are several classes of verbs which are compounded of two 
verbs. 
1. ‘Kiya’ and ‘ya’ or ‘yay,’ when used with other verbs, impart to 
them a causative signification and are usually joined with them in the same 
word; as nazin, he stands, nazinkiya, he causes to stand. The first verb is 
sometimes contracted (see § 11); as, wanyaka, he sees, wanyagkiya, he 
causes to see. 
2. In the above instances the first verb has the force of an infinitive or 
present participle. But sometimes the first as well as the second has the 
force of an independent finite verb; as, hdiwayka, he comes home sleeps 
(of hdi and wanka); hinazin, he comes stands (of hi and nazin). These may 
be termed double verbs. 
§ 37. To verbs in Dakota belong. conjugation, form, person, number, 
mode, and tense. 
CONJUGATION. 
§ 38. Dakota verbs are comprehended in three conjugations, distin- 
guished by the form of the pronouns in the first and second persons singu- 
lar which denote the agent. Conjugations I and II include all common 
and active verbs and III includes all neuter verbs. 
(a) In the first conjugation the subjective singular pronouns are ‘wa’ 
or ‘we’ and ‘ya’ or ‘ye.’ 
(b) The second conjugation embraces verbs in ‘yu,’ ‘ya,’ and ‘yo,’ 
which form the first and second persons singular by changing the ‘y’ into 
‘md’ and ‘d,’ except in the Titonwan dialect where these are ‘bl’ and ‘1.’ 
(c) Neuter and adjective verbs form the third conjugation, known by 
taking what are more properly the objective pronouns ‘ma’ and ‘ni.’ 
1, Of neuter verbs proper we have (a) the complete predicate, as, ta, to 
die; asni, to get well; (b) with adjectives; as waste with aya or idaga; 
waste amayan, J am growing better. 
2. Of predicate nouns; as, Wamasi¢éuy, J am a Frenchman. 
3. Of predicate adjectives; as, mawaste, Iam good. All adjectives may 
be so used.—A. L. Riggs. 
FORM. 
§ 39. Dakota verbs exhibit certain varieties of form which indicate 
corresponding variations of meaning. 
