PERSON—NUMBER—MODE: 23 
(6) When the thing is done for another, ‘ki¢i’ is used; as, wowapi 
kiGiéaga, (writing for-him-he-made) he wrote a letter for him. In the plural, 
this sometimes has a reciprocal force; as, wowapi kidiéagapi, they wrote let- 
ters to each other. 
6. In some verbs ‘ki’ prefixed conveys the idea that the action takes 
effect on the middle of the object; as, baksa, to cut in two with a knife, as a 
stick; kibaksa, to cut in two in the middle. 
7. There is a causative form made by ‘kiya’ and ‘ya.’ (See § 36. 1.) 
8. (a) The locative form should also be noted, made by inseparable 
prepositions ‘a,’ ‘e,’ ‘i,’ and ‘o’: as, amani, ewayka, inaziy and ohnaka. 
(b) Verbs in the “locative form,” made by the inseparable ‘a’ have 
several uses, among which are: 1. They sometimes express location on, as 
in amani, to walk on. 2. Sometimes they convey the idea of what is tz ad- 
dition to, as in akaga, to add to. 
PERSON. 
§ 40. Dakota verbs have three persons, the first, second, and_ third. 
The third person is represented by the verb in its simple form, and the sec- 
end and first persons by the addition of the personal pronouns. 
NUMBER. 
§ 41. Dakota verbs have three numbers, the singular, dual, and plural. 
1. The dual number is only of the first person. It includes the person 
speaking and the one spoken to, and is in form the same as the first person 
plural, but without the termination ‘pi;’ as, wasteundaka, we two love him; 
mauyni, we two walk. 
2. The plural is formed by suffixing ‘ pi;’ as, wasteundakapi, we love 
him; manipi, they walk. 
3. There are some verbs of motion which form what may be called a 
collective plural, denoting that the action is performed by two or more acting 
together or in a body. This is made by prefixing ‘a’ or ‘e;’ as, u, to come, 
au, they come; ya, to go, aya, they go; nazi, to stand, enaziy, they stand. 
These have also the ordinary plural; as, upi, yapi, nazinpi. 
MODE. 
§ 42. There are three modes belonging to Dakota verbs: the ddicative, 
imperative, and infinitive. 
1. The indicative is the common form of the verb; as, Geya,-he cries; 
éeyapi, they cry. 
