PREFACE. XVII 
and if a girl, Hapay, and so on. While this class of birth-names is found 
among the Ponka, Omaha, Osage, Kansa, Kwapa, the yoiwere tribes, and 
the Winnebago, all these tribes observe a different rule, i. e., the first son is 
always called Ing¢a", or some equivalent thereto, even though he may not 
be the first child, one or more daughters preceding him in the order of 
birth; and in like manner the first daughter is always called Wina" or by 
some one of its equivalents, although she may have several brothers older 
than herself. On the other hand, if there should be ina Dakota household 
first a daughter, next a son, the elder or first born would be Winona and 
the next Hapan (there being no Caske), while if the first born was a boy 
and the next a girl the boy would be Gaske and his sister Hapay (there 
being no Winona). 
KINSHIP TERMS.! 
The following are the principal kinship terms in most of the Siouan 
languages, all of which, except those in the Dakota, Hidatsa, Mandan, and 
Tutelo, having been recorded by me. Most of the terms may be used by 
females as well as males; but when the use of a term is restricted to 
persons of one sex a note to that effect will be found in the proper place. 
In the Biloxi column, the algebraic sign (--) denotes that the ending 
following it may be used or omitted at the will of the speaker. 

1 See pp. 45, 203, 204, 207, 
{105—von 1x——11 
