XVI DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
to the Ponka Reservation in the Indian Territory, for the purpose of accepting 
a position as teacher in the ageney school. The real father, Joseph La 
Fléche, consented, but ‘'’wo Crows, an adoptive mother’s brother, and no 
real kinsman, objected, and for that reason Susette did not go. It appears, 
then, that the ‘t’ in ‘deksi-tku’ does not imply “transferable possession.” 
CONTINUATIVES. 
On page 45 the author translates two proper names thus: Inyang-mani, 
One-who-walks-running, and Anawang-mani, One-who-walks-as-he-gallops- 
on. As mani is used here as a continuative, it would be better to render 
the two names, One-who-continues-running, and One-who-continues-gal- 
loping-on. In all of the Siouan languages which have been studied by 
the editor we find these continuatives. They are generally the classifiers, 
words denoting attitude, the primary ones bemg those denoting standing, 
sitting, or reclining. In the course of time the reclining is differentiated 
from the moving; but at first there is no such differentiation. 
The author agreed with the ediior in thinking that some of these 
Dakota continuative signs, han, wayka, and yanka, were originally used as 
classifiers; and a comparison of the Teton texts with those contained in 
the present volume shows that these words are still used to convey the ide: 
of action that is (1) continuous or incomplete and (2) performed while the 
subject is in a certain attitude. Thus hay means to stand, stand upright or 
on end, but when used after another verb it means the standing object. The 
other verbs used as classifiers and continuatives are wanka (Teton, yinka), 
to recline, yanka (Teton, yanya), to sit, hence to be. Yanka occurs as a 
classifier on pp. 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, ete. That it conveys the idea of 
sitting is shown by the context on p. 89, where the Star born sat (iyotanke) 
on the ridge of the lodge and was fanning himself (ihdadu yanka). Wanka, 
to recline: on p. 83, the twin flowers abounded (Jay all along) in the star 
country. On the next page, the infant Star born was kicking out repeatedly 
(naganeata wanka, he lay there kicking). On page 110 we read, Unktomi 
way kaken ya wanka, An Unktomi was going (literally, going he reclined). 
CARDINAL BIRTH-NAMES. 
The Dakota names which belong to children, in the order of their 
birth, up to fifth child, are given on page 45. Thus the first child, if a boy, 
is called Caske; if a girl, Winona. The second, if a boy, is called Hepan, 
