ADJECTIVES. 45 
(c) Sometimes they are formed of two verbs; as, lyyang-mani, One- 
who-walks-running. In some instance a preposition is prefixed; as, Ana- 
wang-mani, One-who-walks-as-he-qallops-on. 
§ 71. The names of the women are formed in the same way, but gen- 
erally have ‘win’ or ‘winna,’ female, added; as, Aypetu-sapa-win, Black- 
day-woman ; Malipi-winna, Cloud-woman. 
§ 72. The Dakotas have no family or surnames. But the children of 
a family have particular names which belong to them, in the order of their 
birth, up to the fifth child. These names are, for boys, Caské, Hepay, 
Hepi, Catan, and Haké. For girls, they are, Windéua, Hapay, Hapistinna, 
Wanske, and Wihike. Thus the first child, if a boy, is called Caské, if a 
girl, Winéna; the second, if a boy, is called Hepay, and if a girl, Hapan, 
etc. If there are more than five children in the family, the others have no 
names of this kind. Several of these names are not used by the Titonway 
aud Ihanktonwan. 
§ 73. The names of certain family relations, both male and female, are 
presented in the following table : 




] 
A Man’s. A Woman's. 
| | =! 
elder brother | éinyé | timd6 
elder sister } tanké éuy 
younger brother sunka sunka 
younger sister tan ksi tanka 
male cousin tahdnsi iGési 
female cousin hankdsi | icépansi 
brother-in-law tahan | SiGé 
sister-in-law hank | iéépan | 


The other relations, as, father, mother, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grand- 
mother, ete., are designated, both by men and women, by the same names. 
ADJECTIVES. 
§ 74. 1. Most adjectives in Dakota may be considered as primitive ; as, 
ska, white, tayka, large, waste, good. 
2. A few are formed from verbs by prefixing ‘wa:’ as, oysida, to have 
mercy on one, waoysida, merciful; Gantekiya, to love, waéaytkiya, benevolent. 
§ 75. Final ‘a’ or ‘an’ of many adjectives is changed into ‘ e’ when fol- 
lowed by certain particles, as, hinéa, do, kin or iy, ete.: siéa, bad, sige 
hinéa, very bad; wiéasta Sige Gin, the bad man. 
