NUMERAL ADJECTIVES—CARDINALS. 47 
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. 
Cardinals. 
§ 80. The cardinal numerals are as follows : 

wancéa, wanzi, or wa1zidan, one. wik¢cemna, ten. 
noypa, two. wikéemna nonpa, twenty 
yamnl, three. wikéemna yamni, thirty. 
topa, four. wikéemna topa, Forty. 
zaptay, Sive. opawinge, a hundred. 
Sakpe, sin. opawinge nonpa, two hundred. 
Sakowiy, seven. kektopawinge,! a thousand. 
Sahdogay, eight. | woyawa tanka, the great count, 
napcinwayka, nine. or a million. 
1. The numbers from eleven to eighteen inclusive, are formed in two 
ways: 
(a) By ake, again; as, ake wanzidan, eleven ; ake nonpa, twelve; ake 
yamni, thirteen, ete. Written in full, these would be wikéemna ake wanzi- 
day, ten again one; wikéemna ake noypa, ten again two, ete. 
In counting, the Dakotas use their fingers, bending them down as they pass on, 
until they reach ten. They then turn down a little finger, to remind them that one 
ten is laid away, and commence again. When the second ten is counted, another 
finger goes down, and so on. 
(b) By saypa, more; as, wikéemna sanpa wanzidan, ten more one, 
(10+1) or eleven; wikéemna sanpa topa (10 + 4), fourteen; wikéemna 
sanpa Sahdogay (10 + 8), eighteen. 
2. Nineteen is formed by unma, the other ; as, uyma napéinwanka, the 
other nine. 
3. (a) WikGemna nonpa is (10 & 2) twenty, and so with thirty, forty, 
ete. The numbers between these are formed in the same way as between 
eleven and eighteen; as, wikéemna nonpa saypa wanziday, or, wikéemna 
nonpa ake wanziday (10 & 2 + 1), twenty-one; wikéemna nonpa saypa nap- 
Gywayka (10K 2+-9), twenty-nine; wikéemna yamni saypa topa, (10 « 3 
+ 4), thirty-four; wikéemna zaptan saypa napcinwanka (10 & 5+ 9), fifty- 
nine. Over one hundred, numbers are still formed in the same way; as, 
opawinge sanpa wikéemna Ssakpe saypa sakowiy (100 + [10 & 6] + 7), one 
hundred and sixty-seven ; kektopawinge noynpa saypa opawinge zaptar sanpa 
wikéemna yamni sanpa sakpe ({1000 « 2] + [100 & 5] + [10 x 3] + 6), 
two thousand five hundred and thirty-six. 
' Also koktopawinge. 
