ADVERBS. 51 
(c) By adding ‘ketu’ and ‘éetu;’ as, kaketu, in that manner; deéetu, 
in this way; heéetu, so, thus. 
(d) By adding ‘en,’ in, in a contracted form; as, de, this, den, here ; 
he, that; hen, there; ka, that, kan, yonder; tukte, which ? tukten, where ? 
(e) By adding ‘ki’ and ‘éi,’ ‘kiya’ and ‘ Giya;’ as, ka, that, kaki and 
kakiya, there; de, this, deGi and de¢iya, here. 
2. Adverbs are formed from adjectives, by adding ‘ ya;’ as, waste, good, 
wasteya, well; Siéa, bad, Siéaya, badly; tanka, great, tankaya, greatly, exten- 
sively. 
3. (a) Adverbs are formed from verbs, by adding ‘ yan;’ as, iyuskin, 
to rejoice, iyuskinyan, rejoicingly, gladly; tayyay, well, may be from the 
obsolete verb ‘tan’ (as they still use atay, to regard, take care of ); itonsni, 
to tell a le, itonsniyan, falsely. 
(b) Some are formed by adding ‘ya’ alone; as, aokaga, to tell a 
falsehood about one, aokaliya, falsely. 
(c) In a few instances adverbs are formed from verbs by adding ‘ua;’ 
as, inalini, to be in haste, inalinina, hastily, temporarily. 
4. Adverbs are formed from other adverbs. 
(a) By adding ‘tu;’ as, dehan, now, dehantu, at this time; hehan, then, 
hehantu, at that time ; tohan, when? tohantu, at what time ? 
(6) Other forms are made by adding ‘ya’ to the preceding; as, de- 
hantuya, thus, here ; hehantuya, there; de¢etuya, so; toketuya, im what- 
ever way. 
(c) Others still are made by the further addition of ‘ken;’ as, dehan- 
tuyaken, toketuyaken. The meaning appears to be substantially the same 
after the addition of ‘ken’ as before. 
(7) Adverbs are formed from other adverbs by adding ‘ yan;’ as, 
dehan, now, here, dehanyan, to this time or place, so far ; tohan, when ? tohay- 
yay, as long as, how long? ohiynni, always, ohinniyay, for ever. 
(¢) Adverbs are formed from other adverbs by adding ‘tkiya;’ as, 
kun, below, kuntkiya, downwards ; waykan, above, wankaytkiya, upwards. 
5. Some adverbs are formed from sows. 
(a) By prefixing ‘a’ and taking the adverbial termination ‘ ya;’ as, 
paha, @ hill, apahaya, hill-like, converly ; waniéa, none, awanin and awaninya, 
in a destroying way. 
(b) By suffixing ‘ata’ or ‘ yata,’ etc.; as, he, a hill or ridge, heyata, 
back at the hill. 
Words so formed may be called prepositional nouns, See § 91, 
