60 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
yadapi sni (father me-sent the that ye-believe not), my father who sent me, him 
ye believe not; ate umasi kin he mahdaotaniy (father me-sent the that me- 
declareth), my father who sent me he beareth witness of me. 
§ 110. Demonstrative pronouns are often used in Dakota when they 
would not be required in Enelish; as, isay ki he iwaéu (knife the that I- 
took), I took the knife. 
RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 
) 111. 1. Tuwe, who, and taku, what, are used, both as interrogative 
and relative pronouns, and in both cases they stand at the beginning of the 
phrase or sentence; as, tuwe yaka he, whom dost thou mean? taku odake 
Gn, what thou relatest. 
2. (a) In affirmative sentences, ‘tuwe’ and ‘taku’ are often used as 
nouns, the former meaning some person, and the latter, some thing; as, tuwe 
he manoy, someone has stolen that; taku ivewaya, I have found something. 
(b) In negative sentences with ‘ day’ suffixed, tuwe may be rendered 
no one, and taku nothing; as, tuweday hi sni, no one came (lit. some-little-per- 
son came not); takuday duhe Sni-(some-little-thing thou-hast not), thow hast 
nothing. See § 25. 3. 
§ 112. It has been shown (§ 25. 1) that compound relative pronouns 
are formed by joining ‘kasta’ or ‘kakes’ to ‘tuwe’ and ‘taku;’ as, tuwe 
kasta hi kinhay he waku kta (ehoever comes if, that I-give will), if anyone 
comes I will give it to him; taku kasta waymdake ¢inhay wakute kta (what- 
ever I-see if, I-shoot will), if I see anything I will shoot it, or I will shoot what- 
ever I see. 
ARTICLES. 
Definite Article. 
POSITION, 
§ 118. 1. When a noun is used without any qualificative, the definite 
article immediately follows the noun; as, maka kin (earth the), the earth; 
wiéasta kin waste (man the good), the man is good. 
2. When a noun is used with an adjective as a qualifying term, the 
article follows the adjective; as, Wiéasta waste kin (man good the), the good 
WAN. 
3. When the noun is followed by a verb, an adverb and verb, or an 
adjective, adverb, and verb, the definite article follows at the end of the 
phrase, and is gerierally rendered into English by a demonstrative or rela- 
tive pronoun and article; as, taku eéamoy kiy (what I-did the), that which I 
did; wiéasta Sigaya ohayyaypi kin (men badly do the), the men who do badly ; 
