VERBS: TENSES. 67 
§ 139. 1. The predominant use of the aorist is to denote past time, it 
being always used in the narration of past events; as, eGamon, [have done 
it; he mdustay, I have finished that. 
2. (a) By the help of the adverb wanna, now, the aorist expresses per- 
Ject or finished time; as, wanna yustaypi, they have now finished it; wanna 
o¢idiyaka, I have now told thee. 
(b) In a-narrative of past events, ‘wanna,’ together with the aorist, 
makes what is called the pluperfect tense; as, wayna yustaypi hehan wai, 
they had finished it when I arrived. 
3. The aorist used with tuka, but, expresses what is sometimes called 
the imperfect tense; as, hen wauy tuka (there I was, but am not now), I was 
there. ; 
§ 140. Before naéeéa, perhaps, the aorist tense is sometimes used for 
the future; as, heGoy masipi kinhay, e¢éamon naéeéa, if they tell me to do that, 
T shall probably do it. 
Future. 
§ 141. 1. The sign of the future tense is usually ‘kta.’ It may be 
used with verbs, adjectives, nouns, or pronouns; as, mani kta, he will walk ; 
he waste kta, that will be good; he tinta kta, that will be prairie; he miye 
kta, that will be I. 
2. The future tense is often used in yarrating past events respecting 
something that was future at the time mentioned; as, wayna upi kta hehan 
wai, they were about to come when IT arrived there. : 
3. The future tense is used to denote that a thing would have taken 
place if something had not prevented. In this case it is commonly followed 
by ‘tuka,’ whether the reason is stated or not; as, wau kta tuka, J would 
have come; upi kta tuka wiéawakisica, they would have come, but I forbade 
them. 
4. The future tense with the adverb ‘hiyéa,’ is used to indicate a desire, 
purpose, or determination to do a thing; as, mde kte hinéa (J-go will very), | 
I want to go; eéoy kte hinéa eéoy (do will very did), he did it because he 
wished to do it, or he did it intentionally. 
5. The future tense is often used where the infinitive mode would be 
in English; as, wau kta owakitpani (J-come shall, I-unable), I an unable to 
come; teyapi kta akitapi, they sought to kill him. 
6. The future tense is sometimes used for the aorist, as in German, 
when there is uncertainty about the thing spoken of; as, tinwiéakte kin 
hee kta (murderer the that-be will), that is the murderer, the idea being, that 
he will be found to be the murderer. 
