ADJECTIVES. 73 
way, a black stone; inyay sapsapa, black stones; tatanka kin was’aka, the ox 
is strong; tatanka kin was’akapi, the oxen are strong. 
2. Adjectives do not take the plural form when that can be pointed out 
by the verb of which the noun is either the subject or object (see §§ 163, 
164); as, wiéasta waste he kagapi (man good that they-made), good men made 
that; Wakantanka wiéasta waste nom wiéakaga (Great-Spirit men good two 
them-made), God made two good men. 
3. As the numeral adjectives after wanzi denote plurality by virtue of 
their meaning, they may be used either with or without the plural termina- 
tion; as, wiGasta yamni, or wiéasta yamnipi, three men. 
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. 
§ 168. 1. Numeral adjectives used distributively take the reduplicated 
form; as, yamni, three, yamnimni, three and three, yamuimni iéupi, they each 
took three, or they took three of each. 
2. Numeral adjectives are used alone to express the number of times - 
an event occurs; as, yamni yahi, thow camest three times. When a succes- 
sion of acts is spoken of, the word ‘akihde’ is often used; as, topa akihde 
yakutepi, you shot four times successively. 
§ 169. To supply the want of words like place and ways in English, 
the adverbial termination ‘kiya’ is added to the numeral; as, nonpakiya 
yakonpi, they are in two different places; he topakiya oyakapi, that is told in 
four different ways. - 
§ 170. The Dakotas use the term hanke, one-half; but when a thing is 
divided into more than two aliquot parts they have no names for them; 
that is, they have no expressions corresponding to one-third, one-fourth, one- 
Jifth, etc. By those who have made some progress in arithmetic, this want 
is supplied by the use of ‘onspa’ and the ordinal numbers; as, onspa tyamni 
(piece third) one-third ; oyspa itopa (piece fourth), one-fourth. 
The language more recently adopted is kiyuspapi, divided. So that one-fourth 
is topa kiyuspapi wayzi.—aA. L. R. 
PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVES. 
§ 171. Owasin and iyulipa, al/, sakim and napin, both, apa and hunh, 
some or a part, tonana and wanistiyna, few, a small quantity, wyma, the other, 
one of two, ota, many, much, and some others, are sometimes used as adjec- 
tives qualifying nouns, and sometimes stand in the place of nouns. 
§ 172. 1. As the adjective ‘ota,’ many, much, conveys a plural idea, its 
reduplicated form ‘ onota’ or ‘odota,’ is not used when speaking of inani- 
