162 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
Then again we have endeavored to derive the words in question, from 
He-inkpa or He-oinkpa, which would give two meanings, Horn-end or That- 
end. In this case we have supposed the names might have originated from 
their dwelling on the upper or smaller part of the Missouri River. But as 
I said, neither of these have been quite satisfactory. Some other attempted 
ayaa ine by Indians have been still less so. 
But the other d: ay, Paul Mazakutemani, who 1s largely acquainted with 
the habits and customs of the prairie Indians as well as the more eastern 
bands, gave what seems to be a very natural account of the origin of both 
the words. From time immemorial it has been the custom of the prairie 
Dakota to travel under strict camp regulations. The tribes of the children 
of Israel in the wilderness did not set forward with more formality, and 
camp with more precision. The “Tiyotipi” or Soldier's Lodge took the 
place of the Ark of the covenent. Under this leadership each band and 
each family took its appointed place in the encampment. In two lines they 
followed the lead of young men on horseback until the circle was completed. 
At the farther end of the cirele a space was left in which was pitched the 
Tiyotipi. More commonly on the prairie this soldiers’ tent was in the 
center of the area. The ends of this gateway, which would be well repre- 
sented by the horns of a buffalo cow turning inwards, were called 
“Huynkpa,” evidently from He-oiykpa. The nes camping on either side 
of this gateway were called Huykpa-tina: whence the name came to be at- 
tached to a clan of the Ihanktonwanna. The added “pa” in Huynkpapa is 
probably only a reduplication.' This is decidedly the best and most satis- 
factory explanation of this difficult question in philology, that has come to 
my knowle dee. 
Oglala finds its corresponding term in Santee, in Ohdada, which means 
to scatter one’s own in; and is understood to have originated in boys throw- 
ing sand in each others’ eyes. 
The following important information is furnished by Rev. J. Owen 
Dorsey: 
In 1879 I received a letter from the Rev. John Robinson, missionary to the 
Oglala at Red Cloud Agency, giving the origin of the names Huykpapa, Oglala, ete., 
as told him by the Indians at that place: 
“ Tuykpapa, those who camp at the head end of the (Dakota) circle; Hunkpati, 
those who camp at the tail end of that circle. This latter probably includes both 
‘If there were a reduplication in this word, would not the form be ‘“ Huy-kpa-kpa,” instead of 
Hun-kpa-pa? The final ‘‘pa” may be compared with the adverbial ending ‘‘ wapa” in akowapa, etc., 
the locative ending ‘‘ta,” and with the Biloxi endings ‘‘ wa” and ‘‘waya",” denoting direction.—4J. 0, D. 
