170 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
The successor of Menard in the toils of missionary life was Father 
Claude Allouéz. He established the mission of the Holy Spirit at La Pointe 
and the Apostles’ Islands in the year 1665, and four years later he com- 
menced a mission among the Winnebago and others on Green Bay. 
On reaching La Pointe, Allouéz found the Huron and Ojibwa villages 
in a state of great excitement. The Huron, who had fled to the Dakota 
of the Mississippi for protection from the tomahawk of the Iroquois some 
years before, had behaved ungraciously toward their protectors by taunting 
them with having no guns; whereupon the Dakota rose against them, massa- 
cred many of them in a swamp, and drove them all back to the shores 
of Lake Superior. The Ojibwa had formerly lived to the east of Lake 
Michigan, but had been driven westward by the victorious Iroquois. Now 
the Dakota, the Iroquois of the West, as they have been called, had shut 
them up to the lake shore. The young men were burning to be avenged 
on the Dakota. Here was gathered a grand council of the neighboring 
nations—the Huron, the Ojibwa, the Pottowattomi, the Sac and Fox, the 
Menomoni, and the Illinois. Allouéz commanded peace, in the name of 
the King of the French, and offered them commerce and alliance against 
the Five Nations. 
In 1667 Father Allouéz met a delegation of Dakota and Assiniboin 
at the western end of Lake Superior, near where is now the town of Duluth. 
They had come, they said, from the end of the earth. He calls them ‘the 
wild and impassioned Sioux.” ‘Above all others,” he says, “they are sav- 
age and warlike; and they speak a language entirely unknown to us, and 
the savages about here do not understand them.” 
But Allouéz resolved to abandon his work at La Pointe, “weary of 
their obstinate unbelief,” and was succeeded by the renowned Jacques 
Marquette. This enterprising and estimable man entered at once upon the 
work of perpetuating peace among the various tribes, and, in the autumn 
of 1669, sent presents and a message to the Dakota, that he wished them to 
keep a way open for him to the Great River and to the Assiniboin beyond. 
Sut not from the mission of the Holy Spirit was he to take his journey to 
the “Father of Waters.” In the following winter it became apparent that 
the Huron were not safe on the southern shores of Lake Superior, and 
accordingly they abandoned their village, and at the same time Marquette 
retired to the Sault Ste. Marie, from which point, in the spring of 1672, he 
proceeded, with Louis Joliet, to find the Great River, the “ Messipi.”’ They 

‘Probably in the language of the Illinois Indians, ‘‘ messi,” great, and ‘sepi,” river. 
