MIGRATIONS—ARGUMENT FROM HISTORY. 171 
proceeded by way of Green Bay. They entered the mouth of Fox River, 
followed up its windings, and were guided by Indians across to the head of 
the Wisconsin, which they descended to the mouth, and down the great 
river to the mouth of the Arkansas. They had wintered at Green Bay, and 
so it was the 17th of June, 1673, when their canoe first rode on the waters of 
the Mississippi. On their return they ascended the Illinois River, stopped 
to recruit at the famous Illinois village, and, crossing over to Lake Michi- 
gan, reached Green Bay in the latter end of September.’ 
The Jesuit relations of this period have much to say about the habits 
of the Dakota; that about 60 leagues from the upper end of Lake 
Superior, toward sunset, “there are a certain people, called Nadouessi, 
dreaded by their neighbors.” They only use the bow and arrow, but use 
them with great skill and dexterity, filling the air in a moment. ‘They 
turn their heads in flight and discharge their arrows so rapidly that they 
are no less to be feared in their retreat than in their attack. They dwell 
around the great river Messipi. heir cabins are not covered with bark, 
but with skins, well dried, and stitched together so well that the cold does 
not enter. They know not how to cultivate the earth by seeding it, con- 
tenting themselves with a species of marsh rye (wild rice), which we call 
wild oats.” 
We now come to more definite information in regard to country occu- 
pied by the Dakota two hundred years ago. Du Luth and Hennepin 
approached the Dakota by different routes, and finally met each other at 
the great villages on Mille Lacs and Knife Lake, at the head of Run River. 
Daniel Greysolon Du Luth, who built the first trading port on Lake 
Superior, ‘“‘on the first of September, 1678, left Quebec” to explore the 
country of the Dakota and the Assiniboin. On July 2, 1679, he caused 
the King’s arms to be planted ‘in the great village of the Nadouessioux, 
called Kathio, where no Frenchman had ever been, and also at Songaski- 
cons and Houetbetons, 120 leagues from the former.”* 
In September of that year Du Luth held a council with Assiniboin and 
other nations, who came to the head of Lake Superior. And in the summer 
of 1680 he made another trip down to the Mississippi, where he met with 
Hennepin. 

1Green Bay was called the Bay of the Puants, or Winnebago. In this neighborhood there were, 
at that time, the Winnebago, the Pottowattomi, the Menomoni, the Sac and Fox, the Miami, the Mas- 
contin, the Kickapoo, and others. The Miami and Mascontin lived together and had their village on 
the Neenah or Fox River. The Miami afterwards remove to the St. Joseph River, near Lake Michi- 
“an. The Mascontin, or ‘ Fire Nation,” is now extinct. 
2It is stated, on what appears to be good authority, that Du Luth this summer visited Mille 
Lac, which he called Lake Buade. : 
