MIGRATIONS—ARGUMENT FROM HISTORY. ite 
younger chief, whose name was “Four Souls” (Nagi-topa), filled his pipe 
with willow bark and smoked with them. And then made them under- 
stand that, as the war against the Miami was abandoned, and they would 
now go back to their villages, the white men should accompany them. 
This voyage up the Mississippi was not without continued apprehen- 
sion of danger to the Frenchmen. When Heimnepin opened his breviary 
in the morning, and began to mutter his prayers, his savage captors gath- 
ered about him in superstitious terror, and gave him to understand that his 
book was a “bad spirit” (Wakay Siéa), and that he must not converse 
with it. 
His comrades besought him to dispense with his devotions, or at least 
to pray apart, as they were all in danger of being tomahawked. He tried 
to say his prayers in the woods, but the Indians followed him everywhere, 
and said ‘‘Wakay Gi,” Is it not mysterious? He could not dispense with 
saying his office. But finally he chanted the Litany of the Virgin in their 
hearing, which charmed the evil spirit from them. 
But the old chief, Again-fills-the-pipe, was still apparently bent on 
killing a white man to revenge the blood of his son. Every day or two 
he broke forth in a fresh fit of crying, which was accompanied with hostile 
demonstrations towards the captives. This was met by additional presents 
and the intercedine of their first friend, Four Souls, in their behalf. It 
looks very much like a species of blackmailing—a device practiced by 
them—by which the goods of the white men should come into their posses- 
sion without stealing. They were also required to bring goods to cover 
some bones, which old Akepasiday had with him, and over which they 
cried and smoked frequently. At Lake Pepin they cried all night, and 
from that circumstance, Hennepin called it the “Lake of Tears.” 
Thus they made their way up the Father of Waters where no white 
man had ever traveled before. Nineteen days after their capture they 
landed a short distance below where the city of St. Paul stands. Then the 
savages hid their own canoes in the bushes and broke the Frenchmen’s 
canoe into pieces. From this point they had a land travel of five days, of 
suffering and starvation to the white men, when they reached the Dakota 
villages at Mille Lacs, which was then the home of the Mdewakantons. 
Hennepin estimated the distance they traveled by land at sixty leagues. 
But it was probably not over one hundred miles. The y passed through 
ce 
the marshes at the head of Rum River, and were then taken by canoes “a 
short league” to an island in the lake, where were the lodges. 
