MIGRATIONS—ARGUMENTS FROM IISTORY. 181 
against the soldiers of the States, at Mackinaw, at Rock Island, and at Prai- 
rie du Chien. Of the Dakota villages, Little Crow and Wabashaw are 
especially mentioned. Joseph Renville, afterwards of Lae qui Parle, and 
other traders, were the lieutenants of Col. Dickson. History tells us of but 
two Dakota men who kept themselves squarely on the American side 
during the war. One of these was the special friend (Koda) of Lieut. Pike, 
his name being Ta-ma-he, meaning the pike fish. Probably he took that 
name as the friend of Pike. He went to St. Louis at the commencement 
of the war, and was taken into the employ of Gen. Clarke. He lived until 
after the middle of this century, always wore a stovepipe hat. had but one 
eye, and claimed to be the only ‘‘American” of his tribe. 
It does not appear that the war of 1812 changed the location of Da- 
kota. They still occupied the Mississippi above the parallel of 434°, and 
the Minnesota, and westward. In 1837~38, the “Lower Sioux,” as they 
were called, ceded to the Government their title to the land east of the 
great river. In 1851, all the Mississippi and Minnesota Dakota sold to 
the Government all their claim to the country as far west as Lake Traverse, 
except a reservation on the Upper Minnesota. A year or two afterwards 
they removed to this reservation, and were there until the outbreak of 
August, 1862, which resulted in the eastern Dakota, or those coming under 
the general name of Santees, being all removed outside of the lines of Min- 
nesota. A part of those Indians fled to Manitoba, and a part across the 
Missouri, supposed to be now with (Tataynka Lyotayke) Sitting Bull—a 
part were transported to Crow Creek on the Missouri, who afterwards were 
permitted to remove into the northeast angle of Nebraska. This is now the 
Santee Agency, from whence a colony of sixty families of homesteaders 
have settled on the Big Sioux. Still another portion were retained by the 
military as scouts, which have been the nuclei of the settlements on the 
Sisseton and Fort Totten reservations. 
About what time the Dakota in their migrations westward crossed 
over the Missouri River, to remain and hunt on the western side, is a ques- 
tion not easily settled. There are various traditions of other neighbor tribes, 
which indicate pretty certainly that the Sioux were not there much over 
one hundred years ago. 
Dr. Washington Matthews, of the U. 8. Army, relates that the Ber- 
thold' Indians say, ‘‘ Long ago the Sioux were all to the east, and none to 
b) 
the West and South, as they now are.” In those times the western plains 
must have been very sparsely peopled with hostile tribes in comparison 

' These may be the Hidatsa, Mandan, and Arikara tribes. —J. 0. D. 
