186 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
the great Red Pipe Stone Quarry, there is scarcely a doubt but that they 
were the “Village of the Red Stone Quarry” mentioned in Le Sueur’s 
enumeration. Fifty years after that, we find them placed on the French 
maps about the mouth of the Little Sioux River. In those times they 
hunted buffalo in the northwestern part of Iowa and down the Missouri to 
its mouth and up to their present location or above, and eastward over the 
James River and the Big Sioux to the Red Pipe Stone, where was the gath- 
ering of the nations." 
TETON. 
These have been known for two hundred years—and how much longer 
we know not—as “Dwellers on the Prairie.” The full name was Tiyta- 
toyway, Prairie dwelling, contracted now into Titoyway, and commonly 
written Teton. 
As we have already seen, the French, in their maps, made a great lake 
at the head of the Minnesota River, which they called ‘“ Lake of the 
Tetons.” The name gives us nothing more than Inhabitants of the 
Prairie. There is abundant evidence that, as far back as our knowledge of 
the Dakota Nation extends, the Teton have formed more than half the 
tribe, and causes have been in operation which have increased their number, 
while in some cases the more eastern bands have been diminished. The 
buffalo hunt has always tended to increase the Teton somewhat by immi- 
eration; and by furnishing a supply of wild meat their children have grown 
up, while many of those who came to use flour and pork have died off. The 
late wars of the Minnesota Dakota with the whites have operated in the 
same way. 
As the result of the massacre of Spirit Lake, on the border of Lowa, in 
the spring of 1857, a large portion of the small band of Leat Shooters, 
under the leadership of Iykpaduta’s family, have disappeared from the east 
of the Missouri and become absorbed by the Teton. The same thing is 
true of hundreds of those engaged in the massacre of 1862. While a large 
number fled north into the Dominion of Canada, others, in 1863, crossed 
! Near the mouth of the Missouri, where in one of its bends it approaches the Mississippi, is a 
place called Portage des Sioux, Here, evidently, the Dakota, a century ago, carried their canoes 
across from one river to the other, when on their hunting and war expeditious. This fact quite agrees 
with what we are told of their war parties descending the Mississippi two centuries ago, to attack 
the Illinois and Miamis. 
The Yanktonai passed over to the Upper Minnesota, and from thence, and from the Red River 
of the North, they have journeyed westward to the Missouri, led on by the buffalo, from which they 
have obtained their living for more than a century and a half. Thus they have occupied the country 
as it was vacated by the more numerous of the ‘* Seven Council Fires,” 
