196 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY, 
and from thence they were published by the camp crier. It is said that 
in the camps of the Prairie Dakota, the real buffalo hunters, the Soldiers’ 
Lodge was pitched in the center of the circular encampment. This area 
was called ho-éo-ka; and the gateway of the camp, which was always left 
at the front end, was called ho-a-na-pa. The encampment was then in the 
form of a horseshoe, or, more properly, in the form of the horns of a buf- 
falo cow, which turn inward toward each other. The ends of the horns 
were called “ Hiy-kpa,” from “he,” a@ horn, and “inkpa,” small end. Hence 
those camping at these ends of the horns would be called “ Huykpa-tina.” 
And hence the name of two of the gentes, which have developed into larger 
clans of the Dakota Nation, viz., the Huykpatina and the Huykpapa. 
While, within the historical period, no political organization has been 
known to exist over the whole Dakota Nation, the traditional alliance of 
the ‘Seven Council Fires” is perpetuated in the common name Dakota. 
FELLOWHOOD. 
One of the customs of the olden time, which was potent both for good 
and for evil, and which is going into desuetude, was that of fellowhood. 
Searcely a Dakota young man could be found who had not some special 
iriend or Koda. This was an arrangement of giving themselves to each 
other, of the David and Jonathan kind. They exchanged bows, or guns, 
or blankets—sometimes the entire equipment. In rare cases they exchanged 
wives. What one asked of the other he gave him; nothing could be de- 
nied. This arrangement was often a real affection, sometimes fading out 
as the years pass by, but often lasting to old age. 
In order to exhibit properly and as fully as may be Dakota national 
aud individual life, I will here introduce a pen picture of a very prominent 
man of the last generation. 
STANDING BUFFALO. 
In connection with Standing Buffalo, the last great chieftain of the 
Sisseton Dakota, will be found a description of the ‘Tiyotipi,” already 
referred to. 
Ta-tay-ka-na-zin, or Standing Buffalo, was the son of The Orphan, and 
hereditary chief of quite a large clan of Sisseton Dakota. Their planting 
place, before the outbreak in 1862, was in that rich and beautiful valley 
which lies between the head of Lake Traverse, whose waters communicate 
with the Red River of the North and Big Stone Lake, through which the 
