208 DAKOTA GRAMMAR, TEXTS, AND ETHNOGRAPHY. 
foot, and a strap board or handle standing out over the head of the child, 
which serves both for protection and to tie the mother’s strap to. In this 
nicely arranged cradle, which is often hung up in the daytime, the baby 
has his home for the most part, being taken out at night, and at other 
times when needing care. So it grows, crying sometimes as other babies 
do, but needing and receiving much less care than a civilized child. In 
the meantime the mother has, perhaps on the first day, or if not on that day 
very soon after, gone to the stream or lake and washed away her unclean- 
ness. If it is winter she cuts a hole in the ice to do it. When they begin 
to take on civilized habits, the Dakota women find they can not continue to 
follow the customs of their grandmothers. 
What will they call the baby? If it be a little girl, and is the first 
born, then it inherits the beautiful name of Winona. When the second 
child comes, if that is a girl, it is called ‘‘Ha’-pay;” the third, ‘‘Ha’-pi- 
stinna;” the fourth, ‘‘Wanske;” and the fifth, ‘‘Wi-hake.” Some of these 
names are said not to be used by the Sioux on the Missouri. On the other 
hand, if the first born is a boy, his inherited name is “Gaske,” and the 
second child, if a boy, will be called ‘‘He-pay;” and the third, ‘‘ He-pi;” 
and the fourth, Ga-tay;” and the fifth, ““Ha-ke.” Some children have no 
other names given them, and wear these alone when they are grown up. 
But if all families were content with this limited circle, much confusion 
would exist, especially as they have no family name. Hence the necessity 
of giving other names. This is done often by the father, and sometimes by 
some relative of consideration. Frequently a feast is made by the father 
to mark the occasion, and the child’s ears are bored that. it may wear 
ornaments. 
Girls’ names generally terminate in “win” or “winna,” but not always. 
L recall a family of girls who were named ‘ Anpao,” Morning, “ Ahiyanke- 
win,” Woman Come-to-stay, “ Malipi-wiyna,” Cloud Woman, “ Hayyetu-ku-win,” 
Coming Night Woman, etc. But the boys, either in their childhood or when 
they are grown, receive the imposing and honorable names of ancestors, 
as, Gray Bear, Standing Buffalo, Standing Soldier, The Orphan, Burning 
Earth, ete. Oftentimes new names are given when young men. signalize 
themselves in war or otherwise. Then there is feasting, music, and dancing. 
CHILD LIFE. 
The children have now come into the family. How will they grow 
up? What shall they be taught? Who shall be their teachers? What the 
