EAU.] 



SCOTLAND, ETC.— ENGLAND. 15 



ENGLAND. 



An important publication relating to English rock-sculpture of the 

 peculiar kind here examined is that by Mr. George Tate, entitled "The 

 Ancient British Sculptured Rocks of Northumberland and the Eastern ]5or- 

 ders" (Alnwick, 1865).* While Professor Simpson chiefly treats of Scot- 

 tish sculptures, yet draws also those of other countries within the sphere of 

 his observations,- Mr. Tate's work, as its title indicates, is mainly devoted to 

 a narrower district in the North of England. 



The rock-sculptures of Northumberland described by Mr. Tate are 

 almost absolutely analogous to those hitherto considered, and appear to be 

 of contemporaneous origin with them. The well-developed spiral line, 

 however, does not occur among the English sculptures figured by Mr. Tate. 

 For the rest, we behold here the same rings with central cups and radial 

 grooves, etc., which form most curious and complicated groups, and are 

 frequently accompanied by simple cups. Yet, in none of the illustrations 

 published by the author do they constitute the sole sculptures of a rock- 

 surface. The general results of Mr. Tate's investigations in Northumber- 

 land are summed up in the following rc^sumd on page 27 of his treatise: — 



"From this survey we find that fifty-three sculptured stones have been 

 observed in Northumberland, and that there are inscribed on them about 

 three hundred and fifty figures. All of them are more or less connected 

 with ancient British remains. Four of them formed the covers of cists; 

 four were probably covers of cists ; two are within a few yards of barrows, 

 beneath which are similar small sepulchral chambers ; five of them are 

 within ancient British camps ; eight of them are not more distant from such 

 camps than a hundred yards, most of the others are less distant than half a 

 mile, and none further away than a mile. Their relation, however, to the 

 camps, forts, and hut-circles — the dwellings of the ancient British people — 

 is more apparent than to their sepulchres." 



To this I will add that the sculptures observed by Mr. Tate within or 



* The illustrated -work on incised markings on stono in Northumberland, etc., published in 1869 by 

 direction of the late Dirkc of Northnmlierland, Tvas not -within my reach. 



