KATT.] INDIA. 33 



mentioned and figured. The author ascribes the absence of vauhs in the 

 Junapani mounds to the want of stones suitable for their construction, 

 drawing attention to the circumstance that they are not wanting in the 

 tumuH of other parts of India wliere the proper material is within reach. 

 Finally he enumerates the points of resemblance between the barrows of 

 Europe and those of India, referring in particular to the cup-marks found 

 on stones surrounding tumuli in both regions.* 



Somewhat later Mr. Rivett-Carnac discovered on stones and on rocks 

 in situ in the mountains of Kumaon not only cup-sculptures, but also such 

 of rings, resembling very closely those seen in Great Britain and other 

 countries of Europe. The results of his explorations in this region and the 

 deductions therefrom made by him hardly can be overestimated, in view of 

 their bearing on a most interesting problem of prehistoric archaeology. The 

 localit}^ chiefly examined by Mr. Rivett-Carnac is thus described :— 



"At a point about two miles and a half south of Dwara-Hath, and 

 twelve miles north of the military station of Ranikhet in Kumaon, the bridle- 

 road leading from the plains through Naini Tal and Ranikhet to Baijnath, 

 and thence on to the celebrated shrine at Bidranath, is carried through a 

 narrow gorge, at the mouth of which is a temple sacred to Mahadeo, where 

 the pilgrims who follow this route generally halt for a short time, and where, 

 from the position of the temple in the defile, the priest in charge can con- 

 veniently levy contributions on all passers-by. The temple will not be 

 found marked on the one-inch-to-the-mile map of the Great Trigonometii- 

 cal Survey, but it is locally known by the name of Chandeshwar."t 



About two hundred yards south of the temple, toward the middle of 

 the defile, rises a rock at an angle of forty-five degrees, px'esenting a surface 

 upon which, in a space measuring fourteen feet in height by twelve in 

 breadth, more than two hundred cups are sculptured. They vary from an 

 inch and a half to six inches in diameter, and from half an inch to an inch 

 in depth, and are arranged in groups composed of approximately parallel 

 rovrs, as seen in Fig. 26, which is a copy of Mr. Rivett-Carnac's repre- 



* Eivett-Camac: Prehistoiic Eemains in Central India ; ji. 5, etc. 



t Rivett-Carnac: Archieological Notes on Ancient Sculpturings on Rocks in Kumaon, India, simi- 

 lar to those found on Monoliths and Rocks i:; Europe, etc. ; reprinted from the Journal of the Asiatic 

 Society of Bengal; Calcutta, 187t», p. 1. 

 3 L S 



