FI.KTCHEK.1 SPECIMENS DISCOVETfED IN FRANCE. 17 



duced by trephining. No allusion was made to it, the subject at that time 

 not having been brought to light. 



As early as 1875 a trephined skull was found in a tumulus at Bougon, 

 near Niort, in the south of France, which was described by M. Babert de 

 Juill(i. In his specimen, the openings had been made near the top of the 

 skull, and the edges were perfectly cicatrized.^" 



At the meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Science held 

 at Nantes, M. Chauvet presented a cranial amulet found in a tunudus in the 

 forest of Boixe." 



In thetertre Gut'rin, on the right bank of the Seine, not far from Paris, 

 M. Chouquet found the skull of an old man, with a trephined aperture which 

 had been* long completely clcati-ized.'^ M. Chouquet also discovered some 

 specimens of both surgical and posthumous trephining in a mound, near 

 Ecuelles, which contained incinerated bones. He was disposed to thiidi 

 that these relics belonged to the bronze age." 



In 1877 M. Pruniferes presented to the Paris society two admirable 

 specimens, in one of which the aperture, thoroughly cicatrized, was in the 

 occipital bone, a little to the right of the median line — an unusual position.-" 



M. Gassies discovered a trephined skull at Entre Roche, near Bordeaux, 

 in a burial place which he thought to be paleolithic. Further researches, 

 however, by M. Chauvet, assigned it to the neolithic period, a polished stone 

 axe and similar relics having been discovered there.^^ Some other doubtful 

 cases of trephined skulls from the palaeolithic period have been announced, 

 but no well-authenticated specimens have been discovered which are of 

 earlier date than the polished stone age. 



An interesting specimen was presented to the Paris society, in 1878, 

 by M. Gu^gan.-^ It was found in a dolmen at Etang-la-Ville, and exhibited 



"s Rapport do la commission des tumnli de Bougon, suivi d'une <5tudc sur la trepanation pr^bisto- 

 rique, ct eu particulier sur lo crane tr^pan^ que possbde la mnsde de Niort. Par Babert de Jnilld. Niort, 

 1875. 8°. 



"Assoc, franfaise pour I'avancement des sciences. Compte rendu de la 4""= sess., Nantes, 1875, 

 Paris, 1876, 854. 



>8Bull. Soc. d'anthrop. do Paris, 1877, 2™= s^r., xii, 13-16. 



'UbUl, 1876, 2""= s6r., xi, 279. ^ 



so Ibid., 551. 



" IMrf., 1877, 2m« 8(Sr., xii, 12. 



"Ibid, 1878, 3"'= 8<5r., i, 198. 

 2 P T 



