22 PKEHISTOKKJ TKEPHINING. 



those descrilied by Broca.^" Dr. L. Sclineider presented to the same soi'iety 

 a siniihir example from the skulls of Strupcic, Bohemia.^' 



In 1875 an article was published by Dr. R. Wiedersheim, entitled, 

 "Ueber den Mildelhofener Schadelfund in Unterfranken." This appeared 

 before attention had been drawn to the subject of prehistoric trephining, 

 but in one of the plates is a cranium with an opening in the left ])arietal 

 bone, presenting a remarkably strong resemblance to the accepted form of 

 surgical operation.^'^ 



At a meeting of the Italian Society of Anthropology, held in 1878, Pi-o- 

 fessor Mantegazza exhibited a papier-mache model of a Russian skull taken 

 from a tumulus at Bogdanoff, wliich presented an example of surgical tre- 

 phining undoubtedly performed during life. Posteriorly Avas a second 

 aperture of post-mortem oiigin.^^ 



M. Nicolucci discovered in a tumulus in Italy a rondelle from the 

 occipital bone, highly polished on both sides, but no trephined skulls have 

 as yet been discovered in that country. 



In Denmark a trephined skull was found in a dolmen at Borreby, and 

 another was discovered by M. Engelhardt, in a dolmen of the stone age, at 

 Noes, in the island of Falster.^* 



Broca received from General Faidherbe some casts of skulls from 

 Roknia, Algeria, one of which proved to be an excellent example of surgi- 

 cal trephining. Since his death another specimen has been received from 

 Roknia, whicli Is deposited in the Muse'e Broca. In this skull the opening — 

 of the usual beveled, elliptical shape, and 13 millimeters in diameter — is 

 above the left external orbital apophysis. There is no evidence of repair on 

 the edges, so that it would seem that the operation was fatal; but as the 

 entire inner table of the skull has disappeai'ed, from erosion, M. Le Baron 

 suggests that the cicatrized edges may have met with a similar fate.^° 



So far no discoveries of trephined crania have been made in Great Britain; 



'"Ueber trepanirte Sehiidel von GiebiclieDstein. Verhandl. der Berliner Gesellsch. fiir Anthi'op., 



Berlin, 1879, 64-07. . Knochensclieibe aus einom Sehiidel, welche an ein trepauirtcs Stiick crin- 



iicrt. Ibid., 431). 



^' Ueber die Hradiste von Stradonice nnd die Sehiidel von Strnpcic (Bohmeu). Ibid., 23!). 



'■^Archiv fiir Anthrop., Braunschweig, 1875-76, viii, 225-236. (Plato XV, tigs. 1 and 2.) 



**Archivio perl' autropologia, etc., Milano, 1878, viii, 527. 



" de Nadaillac. Les trepanations pr<51iistorii]ues. Paris, 187!). 8", p. 7. 



■'■^ Lesions osseuses, etc., 67. 



